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Question

因此，我在我並未真正使用的備用 2 核心 4GB DDR2 PC 上全新安裝了 Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS。我正在嘗試為 nginx、Grafana、Prometheus 等打開連接埠。所以並沒有真正搞亂網路。我已經將我的iptables、ufw 和netstat -tulpen 貼到下面的程式碼區塊中，我不確定我還做錯了什麼，我還透過我的路由器轉發了連接埠（MikroTik，也包括下面的螢幕截圖），但什麼也沒有我做作品...

root@server:/home/user# ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip

To                         Action      From
--                         ------      ----
22/tcp                     ALLOW IN    Anywhere
80/tcp                     ALLOW IN    Anywhere
443/tcp                    ALLOW IN    Anywhere
3000/tcp                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere
3000/udp                   ALLOW IN    Anywhere
22/tcp (v6)                ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)
80/tcp (v6)                ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)
443/tcp (v6)               ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)
3000/tcp (v6)              ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)
3000/udp (v6)              ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)

root@server:/home/user# iptables --list-rules
-P INPUT DROP
-P FORWARD DROP
-P OUTPUT ACCEPT
-N ufw-after-forward
-N ufw-after-input
-N ufw-after-logging-forward
-N ufw-after-logging-input
-N ufw-after-logging-output
-N ufw-after-output
-N ufw-before-forward
-N ufw-before-input
-N ufw-before-logging-forward
-N ufw-before-logging-input
-N ufw-before-logging-output
-N ufw-before-output
-N ufw-logging-allow
-N ufw-logging-deny
-N ufw-not-local
-N ufw-reject-forward
-N ufw-reject-input
-N ufw-reject-output
-N ufw-skip-to-policy-forward
-N ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-N ufw-skip-to-policy-output
-N ufw-track-forward
-N ufw-track-input
-N ufw-track-output
-N ufw-user-forward
-N ufw-user-input
-N ufw-user-limit
-N ufw-user-limit-accept
-N ufw-user-logging-forward
-N ufw-user-logging-input
-N ufw-user-logging-output
-N ufw-user-output
-A INPUT -j ufw-before-logging-input
-A INPUT -j ufw-before-input
-A INPUT -j ufw-after-input
-A INPUT -j ufw-after-logging-input
-A INPUT -j ufw-reject-input
-A INPUT -j ufw-track-input
-A FORWARD -j ufw-before-logging-forward
-A FORWARD -j ufw-before-forward
-A FORWARD -j ufw-after-forward
-A FORWARD -j ufw-after-logging-forward
-A FORWARD -j ufw-reject-forward
-A FORWARD -j ufw-track-forward
-A OUTPUT -j ufw-before-logging-output
-A OUTPUT -j ufw-before-output
-A OUTPUT -j ufw-after-output
-A OUTPUT -j ufw-after-logging-output
-A OUTPUT -j ufw-reject-output
-A OUTPUT -j ufw-track-output
-A ufw-after-input -p udp -m udp --dport 137 -j ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-A ufw-after-input -p udp -m udp --dport 138 -j ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-A ufw-after-input -p tcp -m tcp --dport 139 -j ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-A ufw-after-input -p tcp -m tcp --dport 445 -j ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-A ufw-after-input -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-A ufw-after-input -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-A ufw-after-input -m addrtype --dst-type BROADCAST -j ufw-skip-to-policy-input
-A ufw-after-logging-forward -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] "
-A ufw-after-logging-input -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] "
-A ufw-before-forward -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 3 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 11 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 12 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-forward -j ufw-user-forward
-A ufw-before-input -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j ufw-logging-deny
-A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 3 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 11 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 12 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -p udp -m udp --sport 67 --dport 68 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -j ufw-not-local
-A ufw-before-input -d 224.0.0.251/32 -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -d 239.255.255.250/32 -p udp -m udp --dport 1900 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-input -j ufw-user-input
-A ufw-before-output -o lo -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-before-output -j ufw-user-output
-A ufw-logging-allow -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW ALLOW] "
-A ufw-logging-deny -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j RETURN
-A ufw-logging-deny -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW BLOCK] "
-A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j RETURN
-A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST -j RETURN
-A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type BROADCAST -j RETURN
-A ufw-not-local -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j ufw-logging-deny
-A ufw-not-local -j DROP
-A ufw-skip-to-policy-forward -j DROP
-A ufw-skip-to-policy-input -j DROP
-A ufw-skip-to-policy-output -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-track-output -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-track-output -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-user-input -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-user-input -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-user-input -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-user-input -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-user-input -p udp -m udp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT
-A ufw-user-limit -m limit --limit 3/min -j LOG --log-prefix "[UFW LIMIT BLOCK] "
-A ufw-user-limit -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A ufw-user-limit-accept -j ACCEPT
root@server:/home/user# netstat -tulpen
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       User       Inode      PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      101        14938      365/systemd-resolve
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      0          17390      541/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:42561         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      0          18558      512/containerd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      0          17392      541/sshd
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           101        14937      365/systemd-resolve
udp        0      0 192.168.88.225:68       0.0.0.0:*                           100        14982      288/systemd-network
root@server:/home/user#

Here's a test from my laptop running MacOS: $ nc -vzt 192.168.88.225 3000
nc: connectx to 192.168.88.225 port 3000 (tcp) failed: Connection refused

Here's my MikroTik Config currently:

[![MikroTik Config 1][1]][1] [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/yDHlB.png

[![MikroTik Config][2]][2] [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/FSFXU.png

I appreciate any help in advance :)

Answer 1

您似乎只監聽了 SSH（連接埠 22）。似乎沒有其他伺服器守護程式正在運行。

具體來說，您在連接埠3000 上沒有任何內容，因此連接到該連接埠會正確返回「連線被拒絕」（如果您將其設定為防火牆，則會顯示「連線逾時」—連線被拒絕表示您必須收到一個應答封包，該封包告訴您該連接埠在防火牆中已開啟）。

使用“ps”來驗證 nginx 是否正在運行（我想說它沒有）。如果你跑步會發生什麼

systemctl start nginx
systemctl status nginx

更新

如果您正在運行 Docked nginx，您應該注意預設情況下，Docker 不進行連接埠轉發。您需要明確告訴 Docker「發布」這些服務。這是因為，除此之外，如果同一台主機上有兩個或更多 Docker 實例，您永遠無法確定要連接到哪個容器。所以你需要將 Docked 連接埠映射到不同的主機端口，這又意味著你必須這樣做明確地：

# Docker #1 options
-p 8001:80       # publish nginx's port 80 (default) to port 8001

# Docker #2
-p 8002:80       # publish nginx's port 80 (default) to port 8002

...and so on...

然後，您可以從 Mac 導航至http://192.168.88.225:8001，並連接docker容器1中運行的nginx的80連接埠。