我已經設定了一台機器，使用Ubuntu 20.04.這台機器工作得很好，但最近，它開始給我一個非常奇怪的行為。有一次，當我遠距工作時，突然我無法使用任何東西。所有的二進位檔案都是無法存取的，每當我嘗試使用它們的路徑呼叫它們時，例如/usr/bin/echo "Test"我都會收到提示cannot <command>: Input/Output error。
後網路上找我發現這可能是由於硬碟問題造成的。但我的問題是，我該如何解決這個問題？顯然，系統的狀況並不穩定，必須加以解決。有什麼建議麼？
這是同事重新啟動機器後的日誌範例dmesg -T --level=warn,err，儘管我看不到它以某種方式將問題與硬碟聯繫起來。
smartmontools log (sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda)
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-47-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Toshiba X300
Device Model: TOSHIBA HDWE140
Serial Number: 69F9K2YWFBBG
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 95bb0145e
Firmware Version: FP1R
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri Sep 25 15:35:54 2020 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 479) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 4092
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 12
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 050 Pre-fail Offline - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 1886
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0033 100 100 030 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 12
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 6
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 8
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 12
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 48 (Min/Max 26/55)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
220 Disk_Shift 0x0002 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
222 Loaded_Hours 0x0032 096 096 000 Old_age Always - 1886
223 Load_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
224 Load_Friction 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
226 Load-in_Time 0x0026 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 573
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0001 100 100 001 Pre-fail Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
所以，最後，我有機會查看實際機器並進行一些更改。
這個問題（至少看起來是這樣）是透過執行以下操作解決的；主機板上的 SATA 連接埠 #0 有一條懸空電纜，未連接到任何 HDD 或 SSD。相反，我的 HDD 透過 SATA 連接埠 #1 上的另一條電纜連接。確實，在許多情況下，主機板會根據 SATA 插槽的 ID 確定其優先順序（0 > 1 > 2 > 3 > ...）。
所以，我取下了懸空的電纜（老實說，我不知道是誰首先把它放在那裡的），然後我啟動了機器。
自從我做了這個愚蠢的改變，即從主機板上的 SATA 集線器上拔掉一條懸掛的電纜後，問題就沒有再出現了。顯然，這不是磁碟分割區錯誤的問題，因為所有磁碟都是新的且狀況良好。