我正在使用以下 Dockerfile 建立一個 docker 容器：
FROM debian:bullseye
RUN apt -y update && echo 'deb https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx' >> /etc/apt/sources.list && echo 'deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx' >> /etc/apt/sources.list && apt -y install gnupg2 && apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys ABF5BD827BD9BF62 && apt -y update && apt -y install nginx nginx-extras luarocks
RUN ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log \
&& ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log
# RUN luarocks install nginx-lua-prometheus
EXPOSE 80
STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM
根據 NGinx 網站上的說明，我將以下兩行添加到etc/apt/sources.list：
deb https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx
deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx
並啟動安裝：apt install -y nginx ...
然而，當容器啟動時，老的版本正在運行：
# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
nginx 似乎是從 debian 儲存庫安裝的，而不是 NGinx 儲存庫。
更令人驚訝的是，NGinx 軟體包被標記為可升級：
# apt update
Hit:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security InRelease
Hit:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease
Hit:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates InRelease
Hit:4 https://nginx.org/packages/debian bullseye InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.
# apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
nginx/stable 1.20.1-1~bullseye all [upgradable from: 1.18.0-6.1]
N: There is 1 additional version. Please use the '-a' switch to see it
現在，如果我嘗試升級 nginx 軟體包，則會失敗：
# apt upgrade nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-cache-purge : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-echo : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-fancyindex : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-geoip : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-headers-more-filter : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-image-filter : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-lua : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-ndk : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-perl : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-subs-filter : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-uploadprogress : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-upstream-fair : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-mail : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-nchan : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-stream : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-stream-geoip : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
nginx-extras : Depends: nginx-common (= 1.18.0-6.1) but it is not installable
E: Broken packages
我的問題如下：如何直接從 NGinx 儲存庫安裝最新版本（nginx/stable 1.20.1）？
答案1
從man apt：
可以透過在套件名稱後面加上等號 (=) 和要選擇的套件版本來選擇安裝程式包的特定版本。或者，可以透過在軟體包名稱後面加上正斜線 (/) 和代號（buster、bullseye、sid ...）或套件名稱（穩定、測試、不穩定）來選擇特定發行版的版本。如果需要滿足請求，這也將從此版本中選擇該套件的依賴項的版本。
套件的依賴項也可能有問題nginx/stable 1.20.1，但當您嘗試安裝它時就會發現。