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為什麼 sudo apt install /path/*.deb 產生權限被拒絕，而 sudo dpkg -i /path/*.deb 工作正常？

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為什麼 sudo apt install /path/*.deb 產生權限被拒絕，而 sudo dpkg -i /path/*.deb 工作正常？

我很長一段時間想知道為什麼sudo apt無法deb從某些資料夾進行本地安裝並出現錯誤：

Failed to fetch a file... Permission denied

最近我嘗試了sudo dpkg -i同樣的路徑並且成功了。路徑位於安裝有 的 USB 上udisks，因此它位於一個/media/user資料夾內，到目前為止我猜它是由於ACL該資料夾 ( drwxr-x---+) 引起的。但是為什麼一個命令sudo被拒絕了呢？為什麼同一文件上的其他指令可以正常運作？

我會使用dpkg，但它不會按照正確的順序處理預先依賴項，而不是apt.

有辦法跳過 的 fetch 部分嗎apt？在獲取之前，輸出開始附近apt給出Note selecting abc instead of abc.20-2-a.deb.有沒有一種方法可以處理apt特定deb文件，而不是嘗試尋找其他文件？

PS我知道安裝本機debs的其他方法，例如新增本機儲存庫或使用非預先安裝apt-offline的如何在沒有網路的情況下安裝軟體包，但我想讓事情變得簡單（加上我懷疑本地存儲庫方式可能會面臨相同的權限被拒絕的問題）。

添加2：

sudo mount rd -t tmpfs /media/mint/rd -o x-mount.mkdir
sudo mount ram -t tmpfs /media/ram -o x-mount.mkdir

apt fromrd失敗，apt fromram工作正常，所以我猜問題出在mintACL 中，我嘗試在下面展示它，我不太了解 Linux 上的 ACL。插入的USB驅動器安裝在用戶mint（liveUSB用戶）下，所以我想解決這個問題。當我sudo -i獲得 root 命令提示字元時，我可以手動建立mkdir一個文件，那麼為什麼會失敗呢？mvrdsudo touch /media/mint/rd/mpv/1sudo apt

添加：

權限公司存取控制清單：

mint@mint:~$ ls -la /media/mint/rd
total 0
drwxrwxrwt  4 root root 80 Oct 24 03:23 .
drwxr-xrw-+ 4 root root 80 Oct 24 03:22 ..
drwxrwxrwx  2 mint mint 80 Oct 12 23:01 ffmpeg
drwxrwxrwx  2 mint mint 60 Oct 11 17:53 mpv

ACL:
mint@mint:~$ getfacl /media/mint/
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: media/mint/
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rwx
user:mint:r-x
group::---
mask::r-x
other::rw-

apt / apt-get 輸出：

mint@mint:~$ sudo apt install -d /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/*.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'ffmpeg' instead of '/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb'
Note, selecting 'libavresample4' instead of '/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb'
Suggested packages:
  ffmpeg-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ffmpeg libavresample4
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
Need to get 1507 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2275 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Ign:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Ign:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Ign:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Ign:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1 [54.2 kB]
Err:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_70x0.07ffe00000006p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1 [1453 kB]
Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_70x0.07ffe00000002p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
E: Failed to fetch file:/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_70x0.07ffe00000006p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
E: Failed to fetch file:/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_70x0.07ffe00000002p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
E: Some files failed to download
mint@mint:~$ sudo apt-get install -d /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/*.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'ffmpeg' instead of '/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb'
Note, selecting 'libavresample4' instead of '/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb'
Suggested packages:
  ffmpeg-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ffmpeg libavresample4
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
Need to get 1507 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2275 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Ign:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Ign:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Ign:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Ign:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1 [54.2 kB]
Err:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 libavresample4 amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_70x0.07fff00000006p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1 [1453 kB]
Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1
  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_70x0.07fff00000002p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
E: Failed to fetch file:/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/libavresample4_70x0.07fff00000006p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
E: Failed to fetch file:/media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_7%3a4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb  File not found - /media/mint/rd/ffmpeg/ffmpeg_70x0.07fff00000002p-10224.2.4-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb (13: Permission denied)
E: Some files failed to download

答案1

據我現在了解（感謝評論）sudo apt使用_aptuser.由於父資料夾缺乏執行權限，/media/mint因此無法存取檔案。解決方法是新增 exec 權限，例如

setfacl -m u:_apt:x /media/mint

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