網路搜尋發現使用 apt 時 dpkg 的連結失敗。這apt-get 和 dpkg 有什麼差別？接受的答案說：
apt-get 使用 dpkg 進行實際的軟體包安裝。
dpkg -i /path/*.deb我在安裝時遇到了一種情況bless，我嘗試重現：從 liveUSB (Linux Mint 20.2) 啟動並遇到類似的錯誤，但是當我啟動 liveUSB 並使用時apt install bless，安裝順利進行。我檢查了debs下載者的列表 - 該列表包含與我嘗試通過安裝的apt文件相同的文件（至少按名稱，我最近也獲得debs了dpkg）。為什麼安裝正常，直接使用卻失敗？我已經透過幾個軟體包安裝了，但都失敗了。apt install -ddpkgaptdpkgapt install -ddpkg -i /path/*.debbless
以下是兩種方式的輸出：
DPKG 失敗：
mint@mint:~$ sudo dpkg -i /home/mint/Downloads/*.deb
Selecting previously unselected package binfmt-support.
(Reading database ... 282124 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../binfmt-support_2.2.0-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package bless.
Preparing to unpack .../bless_0.6.0-7_all.deb ...
Unpacking bless (0.6.0-7) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-mono.
dpkg: regarding .../ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb containing ca-certificates-mono, pre-dependency problem:
ca-certificates-mono pre-depends on mono-runtime-common (>= 5.20)
mono-runtime-common is not installed.
dpkg: error processing archive /home/mint/Downloads/ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb (--install):
pre-dependency problem - not installing ca-certificates-mono
Selecting previously unselected package cli-common.
Preparing to unpack .../cli-common_0.10_all.deb ...
Unpacking cli-common (0.10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgdiplus.
Preparing to unpack .../libgdiplus_6.0.4+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglade2-0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libglade2-0_1%3a2.6.4-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglade2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libglade2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglade2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglib2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libglib2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgtk2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libgtk2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgtk2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-cairo4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-cairo4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-corlib4.5-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-corlib4.5-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-i18n4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-i18n4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-i18n4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-posix4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-posix4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-core4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-core4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-xml4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system-xml4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../libmono-system4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-4.0-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-4.0-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-common.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-runtime-common_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-sgen.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-runtime-sgen_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime.
Preparing to unpack .../mono-runtime_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
update-binfmts: warning: /usr/share/binfmts/cli: no executable /usr/bin/cli found, but continuing anyway as you request
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/binfmt-support.service → /lib/systemd/system/binfmt-support.service.
Setting up cli-common (0.10) ...
Setting up libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/mono to provide /usr/bin/cli (cli) in auto mode
Setting up libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Unhandled Exception:
System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'Sys' threw an exception. ---> System.DllNotFoundException: System.Native assembly:<unknown assembly> type:<unknown type> member:(null)
at (wrapper managed-to-native) Interop+Sys.LChflagsCanSetHiddenFlag()
at Interop+Sys..cctor () [0x00000] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath, System.Int32 fileType, Interop+ErrorInfo& errorInfo) [0x0000f] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath) [0x00006] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
at System.IO.File.Exists (System.String path) [0x00058] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
at Mono.Tools.Driver.LoadConfig (System.Boolean quiet) [0x00031] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0
at Mono.Tools.Driver.Main (System.String[] args) [0x00347] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0
[ERROR] FATAL UNHANDLED EXCEPTION: System.TypeInitializationException: The type initializer for 'Sys' threw an exception. ---> System.DllNotFoundException: System.Native assembly:<unknown assembly> type:<unknown type> member:(null)
at (wrapper managed-to-native) Interop+Sys.LChflagsCanSetHiddenFlag()
at Interop+Sys..cctor () [0x00000] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath, System.Int32 fileType, Interop+ErrorInfo& errorInfo) [0x0000f] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
at System.IO.FileSystem.FileExists (System.ReadOnlySpan`1[T] fullPath) [0x00006] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
at System.IO.File.Exists (System.String path) [0x00058] in <12b418a7818c4ca0893feeaaf67f1e7f>:0
at Mono.Tools.Driver.LoadConfig (System.Boolean quiet) [0x00031] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0
at Mono.Tools.Driver.Main (System.String[] args) [0x00347] in <c1f3f44c980c4c748aff61945c8f618f>:0
E: installing Assembly /usr/share/cli-common/policies.d/libglib2.0-cil/policy.2.8.glib-sharp.dll failed
E: Installation of policy.2.8.glib-sharp with /usr/share/cli-common/runtimes.d/mono failed
dpkg: error processing package libglib2.0-cil (--install):
installed libglib2.0-cil package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgtk2.0-cil:
libgtk2.0-cil depends on libglib2.0-cil (= 2.12.40-3); however:
Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libgtk2.0-cil (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of bless:
bless depends on libglib2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.
bless depends on libgtk2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
Package libgtk2.0-cil is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package bless (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglade2.0-cil:
libglade2.0-cil depends on libglib2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.
libglade2.0-cil depends on libgtk2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
Package libgtk2.0-cil is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libglade2.0-cil (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gacutil to provide /usr/bin/cli-gacutil (global-assembly-cache-tool) in auto mode
Setting up mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24+linuxmint1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.29.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
/home/mint/Downloads/ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb
libglib2.0-cil
libgtk2.0-cil
bless
libglade2.0-cil
透過 APT 安裝 OK（已使用 -d 選項下載）
mint@mint:~/Downloads$ sudo apt install bless
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
binfmt-support ca-certificates-mono cli-common libgdiplus libglade2-0
libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libgtk2.0-cil libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil
libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.5-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil
libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-security4.0-cil
libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libmono-system-core4.0-cil
libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil
libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil
libmono-system4.0-cil mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mono-runtime-common
mono-runtime-sgen
Suggested packages:
monodoc-gtk2.0-manual libmono-i18n4.0-all libgamin0
The following NEW packages will be installed:
binfmt-support bless ca-certificates-mono cli-common libgdiplus libglade2-0
libglade2.0-cil libglib2.0-cil libgtk2.0-cil libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil
libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.5-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil
libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-security4.0-cil
libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libmono-system-core4.0-cil
libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil
libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil
libmono-system4.0-cil mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mono-runtime-common
mono-runtime-sgen
0 upgraded, 28 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/8195 kB of archives.
After this operation, 29.9 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-sgen.
(Reading database ... 282124 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-mono-runtime-sgen_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime.
Preparing to unpack .../01-mono-runtime_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-corlib4.5-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../02-libmono-corlib4.5-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-core4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libmono-system-core4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb .
..
Unpacking libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.d
eb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-xml4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libmono-system-xml4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ..
.
Unpacking libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../06-libmono-system-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.d
eb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../07-libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_
all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../08-libmono-system4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-security4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../09-libmono-security4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-4.0-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../10-mono-4.0-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-gac.
Preparing to unpack .../11-mono-gac_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mono-runtime-common.
Preparing to unpack .../12-mono-runtime-common_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime-sgen (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-runtime (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/mono to provide /usr/bin/cli (cli) in auto m
ode
Setting up libmono-corlib4.5-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-core4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-system-security4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-4.0-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up mono-gac (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gacutil to provide /usr/bin/cli-gacutil (global-assembly-cache-tool) in auto mode
Setting up mono-runtime-common (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-mono.
(Reading database ... 282258 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking ca-certificates-mono (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package binfmt-support.
Preparing to unpack .../01-binfmt-support_2.2.0-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cli-common.
Preparing to unpack .../02-cli-common_0.10_all.deb ...
Unpacking cli-common (0.10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglade2-0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libglade2-0_1%3a2.6.4-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglib2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libglib2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-cairo4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libmono-cairo4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgdiplus.
Preparing to unpack .../06-libgdiplus_6.0.4+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../07-libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgtk2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../08-libgtk2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgtk2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglade2.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../09-libglade2.0-cil_2.12.40-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libglade2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-posix4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../10-libmono-posix4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package bless.
Preparing to unpack .../11-bless_0.6.0-7_all.deb ...
Unpacking bless (0.6.0-7) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../12-libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-i18n4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../13-libmono-i18n4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-i18n4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil.
Preparing to unpack .../14-libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-btls-interface4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglade2-0:amd64 (1:2.6.4-2ubuntu2) ...
Setting up ca-certificates-mono (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libgdiplus (6.0.4+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-posix4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up cli-common (0.10) ...
Setting up libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up binfmt-support (2.2.0-2) ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/binfmt-support.service → /lib/systemd/system/binfmt-support.service.
Setting up libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libmono-cairo4.0-cil (6.8.0.105+dfsg-2) ...
Setting up libglib2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
* Installing 1 assembly from libglib2.0-cil into Mono
Setting up libgtk2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
* Installing 5 assemblies from libgtk2.0-cil into Mono
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.29.1) ...
Setting up libglade2.0-cil (2.12.40-3) ...
* Installing 1 assembly from libglade2.0-cil into Mono
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.24+linuxmint1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.6) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20210119~20.04.1) ...
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
0 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...
done.
Updating Mono key store
Mono Certificate Store Sync - version 6.8.0.105
Populate Mono certificate store from a concatenated list of certificates.
Copyright 2002, 2003 Motus Technologies. Copyright 2004-2008 Novell. BSD licensed.
Importing into legacy system store:
I already trust 0, your new list has 129
Certificate added: CN=ACCVRAIZ1, OU=PKIACCV, O=ACCV, C=ES
Certificate added: C=ES, O=FNMT-RCM, OU=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM
Certificate added: C=IT, L=Milan, O=Actalis S.p.A./03358520967, CN=Actalis Authentication Root CA
Certificate added: C=US, O=AffirmTrust, CN=AffirmTrust Commercial
.... many lines / SE indicated body of the question is too long
Certificate added: C=IN, OU=emSign PKI, O=eMudhra Technologies Limited, CN=emSign Root CA - G1
129 new root certificates were added to your trust store.
Import process completed.
Done
done.
Setting up bless (0.6.0-7) ...
答案1
dpkg -i嘗試按照命令列上指定的順序處理每個包文件。您使用了全域擴展 ( *)，這通常意味著按字母順序排列。但正如您從這些訊息中看到的，套件依賴關係意味著它們必須按特定順序安裝：
ca-certificates-mono pre-depends on mono-runtime-common (>= 5.20)
mono-runtime-common is not installed.
bless depends on libglib2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
Package libglib2.0-cil is not configured yet.
bless depends on libgtk2.0-cil (>= 2.12.40); however:
Package libgtk2.0-cil is not configured yet.
如果您想直接使用 來安裝它們dpkg，則必須檢查依賴關係並為自己制定合適的順序。 apt為您處理這一切。
答案2
我不太熟悉aptor dpkg。但是，如果它們的方式rpm和操作類似yum，那麼您的問題是您缺少依賴項。從您的「失敗」輸出：
`dpkg：關於.../ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb 包含 ca-certificates-mono，預先依賴問題：ca-certificates-mono 預先依賴在mono-runtime-common (>= 5.20) 上，未安裝mono-runtime-common。
dpkg：處理檔案/home/mint/Downloads/ca-certificates-mono_6.8.0.105+dfsg-2_all.deb（--install）時發生錯誤：預先依賴問題 - 不安裝 ca-certificates-mono`
並從你成功的輸出：The following additional packages will be installed:
看起來dpkg, likerpm只嘗試安裝選定的包，如果缺少依賴項就會失敗。而apt, likeyum將嘗試安裝缺少的依賴項。
答案3
@JigglyNaga 的回答解釋了這個問題。如果您想繼續dpkg -i，除了手動檢查依賴項之外，還可以dpkg -i files在錯誤修復後再次使用 thenapt-get -f install來dpkg -i files完成安裝（至少這會成功解決問題中的特定問題）。