我的三星 970 EVO M.2 500GB SSD (MZ-V7E500BW) 昨天在停電期間突然出現故障。
我現在在開機自我檢查期間收到警告（「警告！請備份您的資料並更換硬碟。警告！您的 HDD/SSD 可能隨時崩潰。」）。在此之前我最後一次重新啟動是在大約 5 天前，當時警告還沒有出現。
透過啟動即時 USB 記憶棒，我設法檢查 SMART 日誌：
Smart Log for NVME device:nvme0 namespace-id:ffffffff
critical_warning : 0x8
temperature : 49 C
available_spare : 29%
available_spare_threshold : 10%
percentage_used : 0%
endurance group critical warning summary: 0
data_units_read : 4,948,748
data_units_written : 20,573,476
host_read_commands : 100,316,217
host_write_commands : 357,643,056
controller_busy_time : 1,790
power_cycles : 24
power_on_hours : 4,570
unsafe_shutdowns : 11
media_errors : 41
num_err_log_entries : 70
Warning Temperature Time : 0
Critical Composite Temperature Time : 0
Temperature Sensor 1 : 49 C
Temperature Sensor 2 : 74 C
Thermal Management T1 Trans Count : 0
Thermal Management T2 Trans Count : 0
Thermal Management T1 Total Time : 0
Thermal Management T2 Total Time : 0
nvme即時 USB 作業系統啟動期間來自核心的訊息：
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.233479] nvme nvme0: pci function 0000:06:00.0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.243303] nvme nvme0: missing or invalid SUBNQN field.
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.243323] nvme nvme0: Shutdown timeout set to 8 seconds
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.252449] nvme nvme0: 4/0/0 default/read/poll queues
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 1.254855] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.629244] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p2): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.629246] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p2): write access will be enabled during recovery
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.674861] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 124928 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 4 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.674893] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 0, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.674913] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 1, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.674931] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 2, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.674949] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 3, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.674967] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 133200 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.674995] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 1034, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675013] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 133384 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675040] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 1057, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675059] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 147176 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675086] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 2781, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675105] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 4319360 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675132] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 524304, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675151] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 4319488 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675178] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 524320, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675197] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 4319544 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 2 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675224] Buffer I/O error on dev nvme0n1p2, logical block 524327, lost async page write
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675243] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 4319816 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675270] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 4320256 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.675297] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 4320936 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.729319] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p2): error loading journal
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.743157] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.743158] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): write access will be enabled during recovery
Oct 26 19:18:58 ubuntu kernel: [ 3.806113] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): error loading journal
Oct 26 19:19:04 ubuntu kernel: [ 30.724414] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:19:04 ubuntu kernel: [ 30.752254] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:19:05 ubuntu kernel: [ 31.346630] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:19:05 ubuntu kernel: [ 31.365831] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:19:29 ubuntu kernel: [ 55.502099] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:19:29 ubuntu kernel: [ 55.516704] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:24:44 ubuntu kernel: [ 370.116101] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Oct 26 19:24:44 ubuntu kernel: [ 370.130330] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev nvme0n1, sector 0 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
感謝ddrescue我設法透過網路將其所有分區克隆到另一台電腦。提取兩個 ext4 分區時出現 IO 錯誤，但經過足夠的重試，最終得到了所有內容。
之後，我能夠e2fsck在映像上運行，這似乎成功了，現在我可以將它們安裝為唯讀循環設備。數據似乎完好無損。
我想第一個問題是我能做些什麼來解決問題並繼續使用該驅動器嗎？我想不會，但我絕對願意接受建議。
如果我嘗試fsck在實時 USB 的某個分割區上運行，就會發生這種情況。我嘗試了問題答案的所有組合，如下所示。我對手冊頁的理解不夠，對檔案系統或磁碟機的了解也不夠，不知道哪些選項（如果有的話）可能對我有幫助。
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fsck /dev/nvme0n1p3
fsck from util-linux 2.36.1
e2fsck 1.46.3 (27-Jul-2021)
/dev/nvme0n1p3: recovering journal
Superblock needs_recovery flag is clear, but journal has data.
Run journal anyway<y>? yes
fsck.ext4: Input/output error while recovering journal of /dev/nvme0n1p3
fsck.ext4: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/nvme0n1p3
/dev/nvme0n1p3: ********** WARNING: Filesystem still has errors **********
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fsck /dev/nvme0n1p3
fsck from util-linux 2.36.1
e2fsck 1.46.3 (27-Jul-2021)
/dev/nvme0n1p3: recovering journal
Superblock needs_recovery flag is clear, but journal has data.
Run journal anyway<y>? no
Clear journal<y>? no
fsck.ext4: Input/output error while recovering journal of /dev/nvme0n1p3
fsck.ext4: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/nvme0n1p3
/dev/nvme0n1p3: ********** WARNING: Filesystem still has errors **********
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fsck /dev/nvme0n1p3
fsck from util-linux 2.36.1
e2fsck 1.46.3 (27-Jul-2021)
/dev/nvme0n1p3: recovering journal
Superblock needs_recovery flag is clear, but journal has data.
Run journal anyway<y>? no
Clear journal<y>? yes
fsck.ext4: Input/output error while recovering journal of /dev/nvme0n1p3
fsck.ext4: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/nvme0n1p3
/dev/nvme0n1p3: ********** WARNING: Filesystem still has errors **********
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
我相信該驅動器仍在保固期內，我正在嘗試與三星支援聯繫以嘗試獲得更換或退款。
如果他們要求我將其寄回，就會造成問題，因為該驅動器上有敏感資料。
該驅動器會阻止所有寫入嘗試。我無法正常安裝它並寫入它。如果我嘗試在區塊層級寫入，核心會發出 IO 錯誤。甚至三星的安全擦除工具（他們的僅限 Windows 的軟體提供使用此類工俱生成可啟動 USB 驅動器）也失敗了。
有什麼方法可以強制安全擦除該裝置嗎？
答案1
你永遠不會太小心：我已經設法從受切爾諾貝利病毒攻擊的文件系統中獲取了許多文件！
要擦除數據，您可以執行 add bs=1M if=/dev/zero of=/dev/…但如果它在某個地方停止，您可能必須使用該skip選項重新啟動它並跳過一些區塊。
對於 NVRAM，這無法擦除某些區塊，但會重新分配一些…但我們需要非常低階的存取才能取得未擦除的區塊。適合個人敏感數據，不適用於軍事機密數據！