遞歸 Stern-Brocot 樹定義

遞歸 Stern-Brocot 樹定義

我正在嘗試建造一棵 Stern-Brocot 樹(有理數枚舉)。

結果基本上可以接受,但我還是不滿意以下幾點。

  1. 來自父節點的邊緣到達子節點的中間,而不是上邊界。
  2. 該命令不會在每次迭代時(重新)評估它的參數(我們保留1+1+1而不是3
  3. 我無法在遞歸呼叫中使用\bt@nand ,因為它們不知何故搞砸了(為什麼?)。\bt@d
  4. 我必須為我的節點命名,這是無用的,但如果沒有,LaTeX 將無法編譯。

這是代碼:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{etoolbox}

\newcommand{\eval}[1]{\pgfmathparse{int(#1)}\pgfmathresult}

\makeatletter  % We can use the `@` symbol in macro names
\def\mybtree#1#2#3#4#5{%

  \pgfextra{ % Allows us to use non-drawing commands
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro\bt@depth{#5}    % Current depth
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro\bt@ndepth{\bt@depth - 1}  % Next depth

    \pgfmathtruncatemacro\bt@n{#1+#3}
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro\bt@d{#2+#4}

    %% Calculate the sibling distance
    %  distance = 2^{remaining depth}
    \pgfmathsetmacro\bt@sdistance{pow( 2, \bt@depth)}
  }

  node (\bt@n/\bt@d) {$\frac{\eval{#1+#3}}{ \eval{#2+#4}}$}

  \ifnumgreater{\bt@depth}{0}{% if( depth > 0 ) then:
    child [sibling distance=\bt@sdistance*2em] {
      \mybtree{#1}{#2}{#1+#3}{#2+#4}{\bt@ndepth}
    } 
    child [sibling distance=\bt@sdistance*2em] { 
      \mybtree{#1+#3}{#2+#4}{#3}{#4}{\bt@ndepth} 
    } 
  }{% else:
    %% Do nothing
  }
}
\newcommand*{\btree}[1]{\mybtree{0}{1}{1}{0}{#1}}
\makeatother 

\begin{document}
%% Now we can draw our tree
\begin{tikzpicture} 
  \draw \btree{3};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

它應該給出這樣的東西 斯特恩-布羅科特樹

所以歡迎任何幫助。

答案1

我可以為您提供一個forest

程式碼

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
  Stern Brocot/.style n args={5}{%
    content=$\frac{\number\numexpr#1+#3\relax}{\number\numexpr#2+#4\relax}$,
    if={#5>0}{% true
      append={[,Stern Brocot={#1}{#2}{#1+#3}{#2+#4}{#5-1}]},
      append={[,Stern Brocot={#1+#3}{#2+#4}{#3}{#4}{#5-1}]}
    }{}}% false (empty)
[,Stern Brocot={0}{1}{1}{0}{3}]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

輸出

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程式碼(還有更多內容)

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\makeatletter
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{strrepeat}{2}{%
  \begingroup\pgfmathint{#2}\pgfmath@count\pgfmathresult
    \let\pgfmathresult\pgfutil@empty
    \pgfutil@loop\ifnum\pgfmath@count>0\relax
      \expandafter\def\expandafter\pgfmathresult\expandafter{\pgfmathresult#1}%
      \advance\pgfmath@count-1\relax
    \pgfutil@repeat\pgfmath@smuggleone\pgfmathresult\endgroup}
\makeatother
\tikzset{
  Stern Brocot at/.style={at/.wrap 2 pgfmath args={([rotate around=180:(!##1)] !##22)}
    {strrepeat("#1",\SBLevel)}{strrepeat("#1",\SBLevel-1)}},
  Stern Brocot at*/.style n args={3}{
    at/.wrap pgfmath arg={(!##1-|SB@#3)}{strrepeat("#1",#2)},
    /forest/if={#2<\SBLevel}{append after command=
      (\tikzlastnode) edge[densely dotted] (SB@#3@\the\numexpr\SBLLoop+1\relax)}{}}}
\forestset{
  Stern Brocot*/.style n args={2}{
    content=$\frac{#1}{#2}$,
    edge=densely dotted,
    if={level()<\SBLevel}{append={[,Stern Brocot*={#1}{#2}]}}{}},
  Stern Brocot/.style n args={5}{
    /utils/exec=\edef\SBLevel{#5},@Stern Brocot={#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}},
  @Stern Brocot/.style n args={4}{
    /utils/exec=\edef\SBTop   {\number\numexpr#1+#3\relax}% eTeX instead of PGFmath
                \edef\SBBottom{\number\numexpr#2+#4\relax},
    content/.expanded=$\frac{\SBTop}{\SBBottom}$,
    if/.expanded={level()<\SBLevel}{% true
      append={[,@Stern Brocot={#1}{#2}{\SBTop}{\SBBottom}]},
      append={[,Stern Brocot*={\SBTop}{\SBBottom}]},
      append={[,@Stern Brocot={\SBTop}{\SBBottom}{#3}{#4}]}
    }{}}}% false (empty)
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}[,Stern Brocot={0}{1}{1}{0}{3}]
\coordinate[Stern Brocot at=1] (SB@left) coordinate[Stern Brocot at=3] (SB@right);
\foreach \SBLLoop in {\SBLevel, ..., 0}
  \path node[Stern Brocot at*={1}{\SBLLoop}{left}]  (SB@left@\SBLLoop)  {$\frac01$}
        node[Stern Brocot at*={3}{\SBLLoop}{right}] (SB@right@\SBLLoop) {$\frac10$};
\end{forest}
\end{document}

輸出(有更多東西)

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答案2

這是一個 Metapost 版本 - 主要是為了證明遞歸在luamplib.

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\documentclass[border=10mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\setmainfont{TeX Gyre Schola}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{document}
\begin{mplibcode}
path S; S = superellipse(9 right, 12 up, 9 left, 12 down,0.79);
def connect(expr a,b) = 
    draw a -- b cutbefore S shifted a cutafter S shifted b
enddef;              
def putfrac(expr num, den, pos) = 
    draw (left--right) scaled 4 shifted pos;
    label.top(decimal num,pos);
    label.bot(decimal den,pos);
enddef;    
vardef mediant(expr a,b,c,d, depth, L, R) =
    save m,n, p; pair p;
    p = ((L+R)/2,depth * v);
    m = a+c; n = b+d;
    if depth > 1:
        connect(p, mediant(a,b,m,n,depth-1, L, xpart p)) withcolor .53 red;
        connect(p, mediant(m,n,c,d,depth-1, xpart p, R)) withcolor .53 blue;
        connect(p, p shifted (0,-v)) dashed withdots scaled 1/2;
        connect((L, ypart p), (L,ypart p-v)) dashed withdots scaled 1/2;
        if d=0:
            connect((R, ypart p), (R,ypart p-v)) dashed withdots scaled 1/2;
        fi
    fi
    if depth > 0:
        putfrac(m,n,p);
        putfrac(a,b,(L,ypart p));
        if d=0: 
            putfrac(c,d,(R,ypart p));
        fi
    fi
    p
enddef;
beginfig(1);
v = 1.618cm;
z0 = mediant(0,1,1,0, 5, 0,220mm);
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

答案3

為了好玩,這裡TeX用來計算任何給定有理數的前輩。請注意,這是不是問題的答案。

我從 2013 年 9 月開始更新版本,原因如下:

  1. 現在需要明確加載xinttools

  2. 此方法要經過連分數係數的計算、最後一位減一、重建分數、迭代,效率很低,

  3. 看看結果,我意識到實現中存在一個錯誤,最後一個係數的減少沒有正確支撐,因此如果某些連分數係數至少是10:-(((

新的實作不是使用連分數的係數,而是使用收斂性。它一勞永逸地計算它們。它們是給定分數的祖先,但我們需要添加更多分數才能找到所有祖先。代碼註釋中解釋了該配方。收斂點對應於在樹上移動時改變方向的位置。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xintcfrac, xinttools}

\makeatletter
\newcommand*\defSBAncestors [1]{% 
% we first compute all convergents of a positive fraction
% we need to reverse the order, then we will scan and 
% add the needed intermediate fractions.
% \SBA@i will see p/q.p'/q'....... n/1.\relax 
% The ending n/1 is 0/1 if original fraction was <1.
% We need to add intermediate (p-p')/(q-q'), (p-2p')/(q-2q'), ...
   \def\SBAncestors{}%
   \expandafter\SBA@i 
   \romannumeral0\xintlistwithsep.{\xintRevWithBraces{\xintFtoCv{#1}}}.\relax
}
\def\SBA@i #1/#2.{\if1\xintiiIsOne{#1}\xintdothis\SBA@D\fi
                  \if1\xintiiIsOne{#2}\xintdothis\SBA@N\fi
                  \xintorthat\SBA@ii #1/#2.}
\def\SBA@ii #1/#2.#3/#4.{%
    \edef\SBAncestors{\SBAncestors{#1/#2}}%
    \edef\SBA@P {\xintiiSub{#1}{#3}}%
    \edef\SBA@Q {\xintiiSub{#2}{#4}}%
    \if1\xintiiGtorEq {#3}{\SBA@P}\xintdothis\SBA@i\fi
    \xintorthat{\SBA@ii \SBA@P/\SBA@Q.}#3/#4.}

% Treat the special situations N/1 or 1/D

\def\SBA@D 1/#1.#2\relax {\edef\SBAncestors{\SBAncestors
                          \xintApply{1/\@firstofone}{\xintSeq[-1]{#1}{1}}}}

\def\SBA@N #1/#2\relax {\edef\SBAncestors{\SBAncestors\xintSeq[-1]{#1}{1}}}
\makeatother      


\newcommand*\STRUT{\rule[4pt]{0pt}{9pt}} % line spacing

% #1 must evaluate to a **positive** fraction. It will be reduced to smalles
% terms initially.
\newcommand*\ShowParents [1]{%
   \defSBAncestors {#1}%
   $\xintListWithSep{\to}{\xintApply{\STRUT\xintFrac}\SBAncestors}$%
}

\begin{document}

\ShowParents {5}

\ShowParents {1/5}

\ShowParents {23/16}

\ShowParents {355/113}

\ShowParents {137197119/2110810820}

\end{document}

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