如何在不更改列條目的水平對齊方式的情況下繪製以下類型的矩陣：
| c11 c12 c13 c14 c15 c16 c17 | c18 c19 | |
| c21 c22 c23 c24 | c25 c26 | c27 c28 c29 |
| c31 c32 c33 c34 | c35 c36 | c37 c38 c39 |
| | c41 c42 c43 | c44 c45 c46 c47 c48 c49 |
備註：主矩陣內包含三個子矩陣：
子矩陣 1：c18 至 c19
子矩陣 2：c25 至 c36
子矩陣 3：c41 至 c43
其中|顯示為大括號(和)。
這個問題不同於 矩陣中的矩陣。
答案1
評論
我希望你的解釋是正確的。
使用 Andrew Stacey 的特定\tikzmarkTikZcalligraphy庫，您可以實現以下輸出。您需要重新運行latex幾次才能獲得正確的定位。
執行
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations,calligraphy}
\newcommand\tikzmark[2]{\tikz[remember picture,baseline=(#1.base)]{\node[inner sep=0pt] (#1) {#2};}}
\begin{document}
$
\begin{pmatrix}
c11 & c12 & c13 & c14 & c15 & c16 & c17 & (c18 & c19) \\
c12 & c22 & c23 & c24 & \tikzmark{c25}{$c25$} & \tikzmark{c26}{$c26$} & c27 & c28 & c29 \\
c13 & c32 & c33 & c34 & \tikzmark{c35}{$c35$} & \tikzmark{c36}{$c36$} & c37 & c38 & c39 \\
(c14 & c42 & c43) & c44 & c45 & c46 & c47 & c48 & c49 \\
\end{pmatrix}
$
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\draw[thick,decorate,decoration={calligraphic straight parenthesis}] (c35.south west) -- (c25.north west);
\draw[thick,decorate,decoration={calligraphic straight parenthesis}] (c26.north east) -- (c36.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
輸出
使用該庫，您可以透過添加如下所示calc的偏移量來補償 TikZ 大括號的不良間距.2em
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\draw[thick,decorate,decoration={calligraphic straight parenthesis}] ($(c35.south west)+(-.2em,0)$) -- ($(c25.north west)+(-.2em,0)$);
\draw[thick,decorate,decoration={calligraphic straight parenthesis}] ($(c26.north east)+(.2em,0)$) -- ($(c36.south east)+(.2em,0)$);
\end{tikzpicture}
產生
代表 Christopher Creutzig 的評論，這裡有另一個解決方案（仍然使用tikzmark），它不涉及在矩陣內鍵入括號。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath,tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,decorations,calligraphy}
\newcommand\tikzmark[2]{\tikz[remember picture,baseline=(#1.base)]{\node[inner sep=0pt] (#1) {#2};}}
\begin{document}
$
\begin{pmatrix}
c11 & c12 & c13 & c14 & c15 & c16 & c17 & \tikzmark{c18}{$c18$} & \tikzmark{c19}{$c19$} \\
c12 & c22 & c23 & c24 & \tikzmark{c25}{$c25$} & \tikzmark{c26}{$c26$} & c27 & c28 & c29 \\
c13 & c32 & c33 & c34 & \tikzmark{c35}{$c35$} & \tikzmark{c36}{$c36$} & c37 & c38 & c39 \\
\tikzmark{c14}{$c14$} & c42 & \tikzmark{c43}{$c43$} & c44 & c45 & c46 & c47 & c48 & c49 \\
\end{pmatrix}
$
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\draw[thick,decorate,decoration={calligraphic straight parenthesis}] ($(c35.south west)+(-.2em,0)$) -- ($(c25.north west)+(-.2em,0)$);
\draw[thick,decorate,decoration={calligraphic straight parenthesis}] ($(c26.north east)+(.2em,0)$) -- ($(c36.south east)+(.2em,0)$);
\node[left=.2em] at (c14) {$($};
\node[left=.2em] at (c18) {$($};
\node[right=.2em] at (c19) {$)$};
\node[right=.2em] at (c43) {$)$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
以下 MWE 以適當的大小插入括號 (..)：
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\[
\left(\begin{array}{@{\hspace*{1ex}}*{9}{c}@{\hspace*{1ex}}}
c_{11} & c_{12} & c_{13} & c_{14} & c_{15} & c_{16} & c_{17} & \llap{$\bigl($}c_{18} & c_{19}\rlap{$\bigr)$} \\
c_{21} & c_{22} & c_{23} & c_{24} & \llap{\raisebox{\dimexpr\ht\strutbox-\height}[0pt][0pt]{$\biggl($}}c_{25} &
c_{26}\rlap{\raisebox{\dimexpr\ht\strutbox-\height}[0pt][0pt]{$\biggr)$}} & c_{27} & c_{28} & c_{29} \\
c_{31} & c_{32} & c_{33} & c_{34} & c_{35} & c_{36} & c_{37} & c_{38} & c_{39} \\
\llap{$\bigl($}c_{41} & c_{42} & c_{43}\rlap{$\bigr)$} & c_{44} & c_{45} & c_{46} & c_{47} & c_{48} & c_{49}
\end{array}\right)
\]
\end{document}
重疊可以保持水平間距，而括號可以使用其\big* 等效項調整大小。
答案3
使用{pNiceMatrix}ofnicematrix及其內建指令\SubMatrix。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\begin{document}
$\begin{pNiceMatrix}[margin]
c11 & c12 & c13 & c14 & c15 & c16 & c17 & c18 & c19 \\
c12 & c22 & c23 & c24 & c25 & c26 & c27 & c28 & c29 \\
c13 & c32 & c33 & c34 & c35 & c36 & c37 & c38 & c39 \\
c14 & c42 & c44 & c45 & c46 & c47 & c48 & c48 & c49
\CodeAfter
\SubMatrix({1-7}{1-8})
\SubMatrix({2-5}{3-6})
\SubMatrix({4-1}{4-3})
\end{pNiceMatrix}$
\end{document}
