我想使用 XeLaTeX 和 Biber 建立一個有參考書目的文件。參考書目中有中文的書籍和文章，也有英文或德文的書籍和文章。有些作者用中文和英文寫過文章（或書籍，這裡不重要）。在中文文章中，我也想用漢字來給出作者的中文名字，而在他的英文文章中則不需要這樣。
下面是我的 .bib 檔案的範例。該\zh{}函數也用於防止 LaTeX 列印腳註中的字元：
@article{Liu2008,
author = {Liu, {Guofu \zh{(刘国福)}}},
title = {The Latest Development of Immigration Law: On the Transformation of China's Emmigration and Immigration Administration Law (移民法的最新发展——兼论中国出入境管理法的改造和重塑)},
journal = {Journal of Henan Administrative Institute of Politics and Law (河南省政法管理干部学院学报)},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
pages = {46--58},
language = {chinese},
keywords = {article,hani}
}
@book{Liu2011,
author = {Liu, {Guofu \zh{(刘国福)}}},
title = {Chinese Immigration Law},
year = {2011},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Farnham},
language = {english},
keywords = {monography,latn}
}
現在的重點是：如果兩筆記錄中作者欄位的內容相同，Biber 當然只會將作者視為同一作者。如果我在英文文章中也不使用漢字，Biber就會寫出全名，以便區分「兩個」作者，而忽略了他們實際上是同一個人的事實。因此，即使在英文或德文文章中，我也需要在作者姓名中包含漢字。
這樣做，我得到了我想要的一切：在參考書目中，作者的名字有“LIU，Guofu（劉國福）（2008）”的模式，在腳註中只有“LIU 2008”（只要有沒有其他作者叫劉）。
我在 .tex 檔案的前導部分中使用以下程式碼片段來完成此操作：
\providecommand{\zh}[1]{}
\AtBeginBibliography{%
\renewcommand*{\zh}[1]{#1}
}
\zh{}但是：如果條目沒有將中文設定為語言，我如何告訴 LaTeX 不要列印作者欄位中的部分。有沒有這樣的方法來有條件地設定這個？另外，腳註不應出現漢字。如果我能直接告訴 LaTeX 如何在 .tex 檔案中執行操作，那就太好了。
還有多個作者的文章，則應該有「王麗萍；王麗萍」的模式。張愛玲（2008）”，我猜想，是什麼讓使用另一個漢字輸入字段變得有些複雜，因為這樣所有的漢字名稱都會出現在拉丁字符的作者姓名列表之後。
編輯（2014-03-22）：
看來我的問題已經在其他地方考慮過：
如何使用 biblatex、biber 和 polyglossia 建立多語言（英語、日語）參考書目
因此，從 bibLaTeX 3.0 和 biber 2.0（這兩個版本目前都處於實驗階段）開始，可以保存大多數領域的轉錄或翻譯，更令人驚訝的是，有一種方法可以設定顯示模式（顯示原始內容）語言、顯示翻譯等）分別為每個.bib 條目。
編輯（2014-03-23）：
另一種方法，使用名稱詞綴：
https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/66825/47927
這似乎是 ienissei 提案的可行範例。
答案1
為了最終對我自己的問題給出一個全面的答案以供將來參考，以下將做我最初想要的：
首先，不需要使用\zh{}，因為此範例將使用名稱詞綴，如 Audrey 此處所述：https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/66825/47927
我沒有使用titleaddon奧黛麗提議的部分，因為我不需要這個。另外，我堅持只使用姓氏順序。
因此，參考書目條目應該是這樣的（關鍵字“latn”或“hani”旨在代表相應文章的書寫系統，並用於有條件地隱藏名稱的中文部分）：
@article{Liu2008,
author = {Liu, 刘国福, Guofu},
title = {The Latest Development of Immigration Law: On the Transformation of China's Emmigration and Immigration Administration Law (移民法的最新发展——兼论中国出入境管理法的改造和重塑)},
journal = {Journal of Henan Administrative Institute of Politics and Law (河南省政法管理干部学院学报)},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
pages = {46--58},
language = {chinese},
keywords = {article,hani}
}
@book{Liu2011,
author = {Liu, 刘国福, Guofu},
title = {Chinese Immigration Law},
year = {2011},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Farnham},
language = {english},
keywords = {monography,latn}
}
現在是 .tex 檔案的部分（根據上面連結的 Audrey 帖子稍作編輯）：
% Keep name affixes for English names
\forcsvlist{\listadd\nameaffixlist}{Junior,Senior}
\newcommand{\ifnameaffix}[1]{%
\ifboolexpr{test{\ifrmnum{#1}} or test{\ifinlist{#1}{\nameaffixlist}}}}
% Set label format using last-first order
\DeclareNameFormat{labelname}{%
\ifboolexpr{test{\ifblank{#7}} or test{\ifnameaffix{#7}}}
{\ifcase\value{uniquename}%
\usebibmacro{name:last}{#1}{#3}{#5}{#7}\or
\ifuseprefix
{\usebibmacro{name:last-first}{#1}{#4}{#5}{#8}}
{\usebibmacro{name:last-first}{#1}{#4}{#6}{#8}}\or
\usebibmacro{name:last-first}{#1}{#3}{#5}{#7}\fi}%
{\ifnumequal{\value{uniquename}}{0}%
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk}{#1}{}{}}
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk}{#1}{#3}{}}}%
\usebibmacro{name:andothers}
}
% Set name field format also using last-first order
\DeclareNameFormat{last-first}{%
\ifboolexpr{test{\ifblank{#7}} or test{\ifnameaffix{#7}}}
{\iffirstinits
{\usebibmacro{name:last-first}{#1}{#4}{#5}{#7}}
{\usebibmacro{name:last-first}{#1}{#3}{#5}{#7}}}
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk}{#1}{#3}{#7}}%
\usebibmacro{name:andothers}
}
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{last-first}
\DeclareNameAlias{default}{last-first}
% Making Chinese name appear after first name in parentheses, but only if the keyword 'hani' exists (see bib entries above for reference)
\newbibmacro*{name:cjk}[3]{%
\usebibmacro{name:delim}{#2#3#1}%
\usebibmacro{name:hook}{#2#3#1}%
\mkbibnamelast{#1}%
\ifblank{#2}{}{\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamefirst{#2}}%
\ifkeyword{hani}{%
\ifblank{#3}{}{\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnameaffix{\mkbibparens{#3}}}%
}{}
}
\AtEveryBibitem{\clearlist{language}}
\AtBeginBibliography{%
\renewcommand*{\multinamedelim}{\addsemicolon\space}
}
需要考慮的一件事：如果參考書目中僅顯示作者的第一次出現，並且後續出現由破折號替換，則此腳本將根據第一個條目的語言選擇第一次出現。因此，如果第一個條目不是中文，但後面的一個條目是中文，則中文名稱將不會出現在任何地方。
編輯（2018-01-22）：
巨集名稱name:last和name:first已更改為name:familyand name:given，巨集\mkbibnamefirst也相應地重命名為\mkbibnamegiven和。進一步，應改為.我最近沒有測試這個答案。我想，由於 BibLaTeX 軟體包在此期間已經更新了幾次，所以其他一些事情也必須改變。\iffirstinits\ifgiveninits\ifblank\ifdefvoid
這是我作為 MWE 的最終設定（儘管代碼相當多）：
\begin{filecontents}{example.bib}
@article{Liu2008,
author = {Liu, 刘国福, Guofu},
title = {The Latest Development of Immigration Law: On the Transformation of China's Emmigration and Immigration Administration Law (移民法的最新发展——兼论中国出入境管理法的改造和重塑)},
journal = {Journal of Henan Administrative Institute of Politics and Law (河南省政法管理干部学院学报)},
year = {2008},
volume = {5},
pages = {46--58},
language = {chinese},
keywords = {article,hani}
}
@book{Liu2011,
author = {Liu, 刘国福, Guofu},
title = {Chinese Immigration Law},
year = {2011},
publisher = {Ashgate},
address = {Farnham},
language = {english},
keywords = {monography,latn}
}
\end{filecontents}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont[SmallCapsFeatures={LetterSpace=2}]{TeX Gyre Termes}
\usepackage{xeCJK}
\setCJKmainfont[Script=CJK]{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\CJKsetecglue{\,}
\usepackage[
backend=biber,
language=autobib,
autolang=hyphen,
style=authoryear,
defernumbers=true,
sortlocale=en-GB,
urldate=long,
dateabbrev=false,
sortcites=true,
sorting=anyvt,
safeinputenc
]{biblatex}
% =====
\renewbibmacro*{labeltitle}{\iffieldundef{shorttitle}%
{\printfield{title}\clearfield{title}}%
{\mkbibemph{\printfield{shorttitle}}\addspace\printtext[parens]{\printfield{year}}}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{date+extradate}{\ifkeyword{law}%
{}%
{\printtext[parens]{%
\iflabeldateisdate%
{\printfield{issue}\setunit*{\addspace}\printdateextra}%
{\printlabeldateextra}}}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{issue+date}{\ifkeyword{law}%
{}%
{\iflabeldateisdate%
{\printfield{issue}\setunit*{\addspace}\printtext[parens]{\printdate}}%
{\printtext[parens]{\printfield{issue}\setunit*{\addspace}\printdate}}}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{cite:labeldate+extradate}{\ifkeyword{law}%
{}%
{\iffieldundef{labelyear}%
{}%
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{\mkbibparens{\printlabeldateextra}}}}%
}
\renewcommand*{\multinamedelim}{\addnbthinspace\slash\thinspace}
\renewcommand*{\finalnamedelim}{\multinamedelim}
\renewcommand*{\labelnamepunct}{\addcolon\addspace}
\renewcommand*\mkbibnameprefix[1]{\textsc{#1}}
\renewcommand*\mkbibnamefamily[1]{\textsc{#1}}
\renewcommand*\bibnamedash{\rule[.48ex]{3em}{.5pt}\addspace}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{citetitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{extradate}{\addnbthinspace\mknumalph{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{url}{URL\addcolon\addspace\url{#1}}
% =====
% Settings for Chinese names
\forcsvlist{\listadd\nameaffixlist}{Junior,Senior}
\newcommand{\ifnameaffix}[1]{%
\ifboolexpr{ test {\ifrmnum{#1}} or test {\xifinlist{#1}{\nameaffixlist}} }}
% Based on definitions from biblatex.def
\newbibmacro*{name:cjk}[3]{%
\usebibmacro{name:delim}{#2#3#1}%
\usebibmacro{name:hook}{#2#3#1}%
\mkbibnamefamily{#1}%
\ifdefvoid{#2}{}{\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamegiven{#2}}%
\ifkeyword{hani}{%
\ifdefvoid{#3}{}{\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamesuffix{\mkbibparens{\upshape #3}}}%
}{}}
\newbibmacro*{name:cjk-short}[3]{%
\usebibmacro{name:delim}{#2#3#1}%
\usebibmacro{name:hook}{#2#3#1}%
\mkbibnamefamily{#1}%
\ifdefvoid{#2}{}{\bibnamedelimd\mkbibnamegiven{#2}}%
\ifkeyword{hani}{%
\ifdefvoid{#3}{}{}%
}{}}
\DeclareNameFormat{given-family}{%
\ifboolexpr{ test {\ifdefvoid{\namepartsuffix}} or test {\ifnameaffix{\namepartsuffix}} }%
{\ifgiveninits%
{\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiveni}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk}{\namepartfamily}{\namepartgiven}{\namepartsuffix}}%
\usebibmacro{name:andothers}}
\DeclareNameFormat{family-given}{%
\ifboolexpr{ test {\ifdefvoid{\namepartsuffix}} or test {\ifnameaffix{\namepartsuffix}} }%
{\ifgiveninits%
{\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiveni}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk}{\namepartfamily}{\namepartgiven}{\namepartsuffix}}%
\usebibmacro{name:andothers}}
\DeclareNameFormat{family-given/given-family}{%
\ifboolexpr{ test {\ifdefvoid{\namepartsuffix}} or test {\ifnameaffix{\namepartsuffix}} }%
{\ifnumequal{\value{listcount}}{1}%
{\ifgiveninits%
{\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiveni}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:family-given}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}%
\ifboolexpe{ test {\ifdefvoid\namepartgiven} and test {\ifdefvoid\namepartprefix} }%
{}%
{\usebibmacro{name:revsdelim}}}%
{\ifgiveninits%
{\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiveni}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk}{\namepartfamily}{\namepartgiven}{\namepartsuffix}}%
\usebibmacro{name:andothers}}
\DeclareNameFormat{labelname}{%
\ifcase\value{uniquename}%
\usebibmacro{name:family}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}%
\or%
\ifboolexpr{ test {\ifdefvoid{\namepartsuffix}} or test {\ifnameaffix{\namepartsuffix}} }%
{\ifuseprefix%
{\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven} % i
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}% i
{\usebibmacro{name:given-family}
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven} % i
{\namepartprefix} % i
{\namepartsuffix}}}% i
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk-short}{\namepartfamily}{\namepartgiven}{\namepartsuffix}}%
\or%
\ifboolexpr{ test {\ifdefvoid{\namepartsuffix}} or test {\ifnameaffix{\namepartsuffix}} }%
{\usebibmacro{name:given-family}%
{\namepartfamily}
{\namepartgiven}
{\namepartprefix}
{\namepartsuffix}}%
{\usebibmacro{name:cjk-short}{\namepartfamily}{\namepartgiven}{\namepartsuffix}}%
\fi%
\usebibmacro{name:andothers}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{citetitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\ifkeyword{law}{\addspace\printtext[parens]{\printfield{year}}}{}}
\AtEveryBibitem{\clearlist{language}}
\AtBeginBibliography{%
\renewcommand*{\multinamedelim}{\addsemicolon\addspace}%
}
\DefineBibliographyExtras{english}{%
\protected\def\mkbibdatelong#1#2#3{%
\iffieldundef{#3}
{}
{\stripzeros{\thefield{#3}}%
\iffieldundef{#2}{}{\nobreakspace}}%
\iffieldundef{#2}
{}
{\mkbibmonth{\thefield{#2}}%
\iffieldundef{#1}{}{\space}}%
\iffieldbibstring{#1}
{\bibstring{\thefield{#1}}}
{\stripzeros{\thefield{#1}}}%
}%
}
\addbibresource{example.bib}
\begin{document}
Some text.\footnote{\cite{Liu2008}, \cite{Liu2011}.}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
參考書目的輸出是：
註腳的輸出是：
