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程式碼

tag-icon • tag-icon tables tabularx columns kile
程式碼

我正在使用 Kile，我正在嘗試學習如何使用tabularx適合頁面寬度的表格。

但是，我有兩個大問題：

  • 我必須使用 X 作為列大小，因此無法設定列的大小（例如，如果我有 4 列，我希望 A 列為大小的 10%，B、C 和 D 列為其餘大小均勻分佈）。
  • 現在我的表格最終適合頁面的寬度，但它不考慮頁面的高度...

現在為了解決這個問題，我閱讀了文件並使用了以下 MWE：

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
{%
\newcommand{\mc}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\hsize=.25\hsize}X>{\hsize=1.25\hsize}X>{\hsize=1.25\hsize}X>{\hsize=1.25\hsize}X}\cline{2-4}
\textbf{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Goal}} & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{NoSQL and Datastores supported}} & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Operations supported}} & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{No support for}} & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Future}} & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Commercial support}} & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Documentation}} & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}
}%
\end{table}


\end{document}

然而，即使前導碼似乎是正確的（對於 4 列的情況，其中 B、C 和 D 列應比 A 大 6 倍），但什麼也沒有發生。

我到底想要什麼？ 假設表格的總寬度為 100%。我希望 A 列具有該寬度的 10%，B、C 和 D 列各具有該寬度的 30%。

我還想讓這個表格適合一頁，而不擴展到額外的頁面。所以不，我不能使用 longtable ...

MWE 目前產生如下內容：

在此輸入影像描述

我閱讀的文檔可以在這裡找到：

我該如何解決我的問題？

答案1

這是一種方法：

  • 用於p{<width>}常規 中的所有欄位tabular。
  • 為此，請建立一個新長度\tabularlength並將其設定為表格的總寬度。我這裡用過.975\linewidth。
  • 然後根據\tabularlength例如定義每一列p{.1\tabularlength}。
  • 要使第一列正常工作，請省去multicolumn這些行，以便可以斷開行。
  • 這意味著我們想要連字符，所以加載babel。
  • 這還不夠，因為這不允許對列中的第一個單字進行連字符。因此，請使用 手動連接這些單字\-。
  • 用於geometry使頁面佈局正確。
  • 用於>{\bfseries}第一列以避免必須在每一行上指定粗體。
  • \multicolumn我們仍然需要在第一行使用一個，這樣我們就不會得到虛假的垂直規則。
  • 使用\centering而不是環境，center因為後者增加了我們不想要的額外間距。

這實際上適合（一點）空閒空間。如果表格比較大，可以考慮\small在table環境中使用，將字體大小設定小一點。或者您可以使用 調整邊距等geometry。可以對整個文件執行此操作，如果需要，也可以對單一頁面執行此操作。

程式碼

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt,british]{article}
\usepackage{babel,geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
  \newlength{\tabularlength}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\bfseries}p{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{p{.3\tabularlength}}}
  \cline{2-4}
  \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
  Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
  NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
  Oper\-ations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
  No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
  Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
  Com\-mer\-cial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
  Docu\-ment\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

輸出

表格適合頁面

另一種佈局

我認為您可能還想考慮在橫向中包含表格，因為這可能會讓人們更容易理解。例如：

橫向表格

在本例中，我對第一列使用了附加格式指令\raggedright，以使其看起來合理。

橫向表格程式碼

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt,british]{article}
\usepackage{babel,geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{pdflscape}

\begin{document}

\begin{landscape}

\begin{table}
  \newlength{\tabularlength}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\bfseries\raggedright}p{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{p{.3\tabularlength}}}
    \cline{2-4}
    \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
    Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
    NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
    Oper\-ations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
    No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
    Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
    Com\-mer\-cial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
    Docu\-ment\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{landscape}

\end{document}

居中的列和垂直規則

正如 Flame_Phoenix 在評論中所指出的，m{<width>}給出了垂直居中的指定寬度的列。該說明符需要array包。

\multicolumn在“Hibernate OGM”之前新增垂直規則只是調整表格第一個條目的問題。可以透過新增>{\centering}表格配置來將所有儲存格水平和垂直居中。然而，這有點乏味，而且很難持續調整。更好的解決方案使用array定義新列類型的能力。

\newcolumntype{M}{>{\centering}m{.3\tabularlength}}

因為我的範例顯示了縱向和橫向的佈局，所以我還需要\tabularlength從tabular環境中提取新增內容，因此我不會嘗試定義已經定義的長度。

\newlength{\tabularlength}

列m類型將其\\視為列內的新行而不是行尾。因此我需要替換\\\hline為\tabularnewline\hline.

最後，為了整潔，我在最右側添加了一條垂直線。

程式碼

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt,british]{article}
\usepackage{babel,geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\newlength{\tabularlength}
\newcolumntype{M}{>{\centering}m{.3\tabularlength}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\centering\bfseries}m{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{M}|}
  \cline{2-4}
  \multicolumn{1}{l|}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\tabularnewline\hline
  Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\tabularnewline\hline
  NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\tabularnewline\hline
  Oper\-ations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\tabularnewline\hline
  No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\tabularnewline\hline
  Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\tabularnewline\hline
  Com\-mer\-cial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\tabularnewline\hline
  Docu\-ment\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\tabularnewline\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{landscape}

\begin{table}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\bfseries\centering}m{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{M}|}
    \cline{2-4}
    \multicolumn{1}{l|}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\tabularnewline\hline
    Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\tabularnewline\hline
    NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\tabularnewline\hline
    Operations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\tabularnewline\hline
    No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\tabularnewline\hline
    Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\tabularnewline\hline
    Commercial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\tabularnewline\hline
    Document\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\tabularnewline\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{landscape}

\end{document}

輸出

全部居中表格

答案2

在此輸入影像描述

您的主要錯誤是多列，它將指定寬度列替換為自然寬度l列。

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering\small
\newcommand{\mc}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}}
\setlength{\dimen0}{\dimexpr\textwidth-6\tabcolsep\relax}
\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\hspace*{0pt}\bfseries}p{.1\dimen0}*3{p{.3\dimen0}}}
 & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
Operations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
Commercial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
Documentation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
\end{tabular}

\end{table}


\end{document}

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