我想寫一篇數學論文,同時包含公式和程序片段。然而,我不希望 TeX 顯示或記錄程序,只要需要,就可以將它們提取到文件中。
請注意,我的意圖與文字程式設計無關,但也許我可以(錯誤地)使用其中一些工具來達到我的目的?例如,假設預解析器有一個特殊標記 %#,這樣的檔案可能如下所示:
\documentclass[]{article}
\begin{document}
The factorial is an important function:
\begin{equation}
n! = \prod_{k=1}^n k
\end{equation}
%# n := 1;
%# for k from 1 to n
%# n := n * k;
\end{document}
我的問題:是否有工具(或編輯器)可以準備 TeX 文件並將其拆分為兩個(或更多)不同的文件,以便由不同的工具進一步處理?或者有其他使用 TeX 功能的想法嗎?
編輯:延伸到 jfbu 的優秀答案:假設程式碼片段緊接在編號方程式之後,我們是否也可以將方程式的編號寫到程式碼檔案中?這相當於兩個輸出之間的交叉引用。 (如果這是不可能的,那麼如何寫出 jfbu 的「詳細答案」中引入的內部片段計數器(帶有 # 或 // 之類的前置註釋符號?)。
答案1
您可以從 tex 內部完成此操作,無需外部工具。
此更新為每個程式碼片段產生一個文件,並帶有自動(可自訂)編號。此範例產生filename-code-01.py
、filename-code-02.py
、 、filename-code-03.py
,filename-code-04.py
對應四個程式碼片段(其中兩個位於序言中)。
針對 OP 編輯的額外更新:每個輸出程式碼片段的第一行現在是帶有程式碼片段編號的註解行。關於使用等式編號的問題更加微妙,因為在文件中實際排版任何內容之前,程式碼片段的提取是作為部分或序言程式碼完成的。
$ ls preparseC*
preparseC-code-01.py preparseC-code-04.py preparseC.log
preparseC-code-02.py preparseC.aux preparseC.tex
preparseC-code-03.py preparseC.dvi
內容preparseC-code-01.py
:
# Code snippet 1
n := 1;
for k from 1 to n
n := n * k;
用於標識.tex
原始檔案中程式碼片段的行標記是%#<space><space>
。
代碼:
\documentclass{article}
\newcounter{snippetno}
% customize \thesnippetno as desired, for example this produces
% filename-code-01.py
% filename-code-02.py
% ...
% filename-code-10.py
% etc...
% This command should be expandable
\renewcommand{\thesnippetno}
{\jobname-code-\ifnum\value{snippetno}<10 %<- leave a space
0\fi
\arabic{snippetno}.py}
%%%%%%%% PREPARSING
\newread\parsein
\openin\parsein \jobname.tex
\newwrite\parseout
% this version will create one file for each code snippet
\newif\ifOutputtingLines
% adapt the following to the line tag you want to use
% the \detokenize is not needed here, but in case your tag
% uses letters, put them in it (do not use \catcode for letters
% a they may be in use in \def \endgroup etc..)
%
% THIS VERSION USES %#<space><space> AS LINE TAG
% (two spaces must be present and will be removed in the outputs)
\begingroup
%% ADDED DEFINITION OF \COMMENTTAG FOR USE IN FIRST LINE OF CODE SNIPPET FILES
\catcode`\% 12
\catcode`\# 12
\def\x{\endgroup\def\COMMENTTAG{#}\edef\LineTag{\detokenize{%#}\space\space}}
\x
%\show\LineTag % debugging
\begingroup
\edef\x{\endgroup
\unexpanded{\def\CheckLineAux #1}\LineTag\relax \unexpanded{{#1}}
\unexpanded{\def\CheckLine #1}\LineTag \unexpanded{#2}\relax
\unexpanded{{\if\relax #1\relax
\ifOutputtingLines\else
\stepcounter{snippetno}%
\immediate\openout\parseout \thesnippetno\relax
%% ------------------------ ADDED TO INSERT CODE SNIPPET NUMBER IN THE FILE
\immediate\write\parseout
{\COMMENTTAG\space Code snippet \arabic{snippetno}}%
%% ------------------------
\OutputtingLinestrue
\fi
\immediate\write\parseout {\CheckLineAux #2\relax}%
\else
\ifOutputtingLines
\immediate\closeout\parseout
\OutputtingLinesfalse
\fi
\fi}}%
}
\x
\begingroup\endlinechar-1
\loop
\ifeof\parsein
% if \end{document} is not missing no need to \closeout\parseout
% necessarily already done, and OutputtingLines toggle necessarily false
\closein\parsein
\else
\readline\parsein to \tmpline
\if\relax\tmpline\relax % found empty line
\ifOutputtingLines\immediate\closeout\parseout
\OutputtingLinesfalse
\fi
\else
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter \CheckLine
\expandafter \tmpline\LineTag \relax
\fi
\repeat
\endgroup
%%%%%%%% END OF PREPARSING
% Some code snippets may already be put here in the preamble
%
%# n := 1;
%# for k from 1 to n
%# n := n * k;
%# y := 1;
%# for k from 1 to n
%# y := y * (x + k -1);
% Notice that in this variant the line tag is %#<space><space>
% and is removed on output
\begin{document}
The factorial is an important function:
\[
n! = \prod_{k=1}^n k
\]
%# n := 1;
%# for k from 1 to n
%# n := n * k;
The (so-called) Pochhammer coefficient also:
\[
(x)_n = \prod_{k=1}^n (x+k-1)
\]
%# y := 1;
%# for k from 1 to n
%# y := y * (x + k -1);
\end{document}
這是答案的第一個版本:(我刪除了一個\makeatletter
無用的,並註解掉了\show\LineTag
調試行)
以下內容將在編譯時也提取到filename-code
標記行。
n := 1;
for k from 1 to n
n := n * k;
代碼:
\documentclass{article}
%%%%%%%% PREPARSING
\newread\parsein
\openin\parsein \jobname.tex
\newwrite\parseout
\immediate\openout\parseout \jobname-code
% adapt the following to the line tag you want to use
% the \detokenize is not needed here, but in case your tag
% uses letters, put them in it (do not use \catcode for letters
% a they may be in use in \def \endgroup etc..)
\begingroup
\catcode`\% 12
\catcode`\# 12
\def\x{\endgroup\edef\LineTag{\detokenize{%#}}}
\x
%\show\LineTag % debugging
\begingroup
\edef\x{\endgroup
\unexpanded{\def\CheckLineAux #1}\LineTag\relax \unexpanded{{#1}}
\unexpanded{\def\CheckLine #1}\LineTag \unexpanded{#2}\relax
\unexpanded{{\if\relax #1\relax
\immediate\write\parseout {\CheckLineAux #2\relax}%
\fi}}%
}
\x
\begingroup\endlinechar-1
\loop
\ifeof\parsein
\immediate\closeout\parseout
\closein\parsein
\else
\readline\parsein to \tmpline
\if\relax\tmpline\relax\else
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter \CheckLine
\expandafter \tmpline\LineTag \relax
\fi
\repeat
\endgroup
%%%%%%%% END OF PREPARSING
\begin{document}
The factorial is an important function:
\[
n! = \prod_{k=1}^n k
\]
%# n := 1;
%# for k from 1 to n
%# n := n * k;
\end{document}
答案2
有更廣泛的工具,但如果您保存範例,fff.tex
那麼grep
這sed
就是您所需要的
grep -v "^%#" fff.tex
產生
\documentclass[]{article}
\begin{document}
The factorial is an important function:
\[
n! = \prod_{k=1}^n k
\]
\end{document}
和
grep "^%#" fff.tex | sed "s/^%#//"
產生
n := 1;
for k from 1 to n
n := n * k;
答案3
它也可以用一個簡單的 perl 腳本來完成,對我來說,它比選項更具grep
可讀性sed
。
#!/usr/bin/perl
while(<STDIN>)
{
if( (substr $_, 0, 2) eq "%#" )
{
print substr $_, 2;
}
}
文檔保存在 中document.tex
,perl 程式碼保存在extractComments.pl
.
生產:
hpek@melda:~/programming/perl$ cat document.tex |./extractComments.pl
n := 1;
for k from 1 to n
n := n * k;
hpek@melda:~/programming/perl$
答案4
我的想法:如果你的程式碼區塊是 R (http://www.r-project.org/),我會考慮knitr
,http://yihui.name/knitr/(或現在相當老的斯威夫,http://www.stat.uni-muenchen.de/~leisch/Sweave/)。
如果不是,我會嘗試這個extract
包,http://ctan.org/pkg/extract,如果它符合您的需求。
就我個人而言,我可能會選擇listings
套餐,http://mirrors.nic.cz/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/listings/listings.pdf,程式碼可以立即排版,如果需要,我們可以打開/關閉它的環境(然後它們將表現為註釋),即時提取它們,我們可以在主 TeX 內部和外部擁有程式碼區塊檔案可以同時被其他程式編譯。