我已經安裝了 texlive ~/texlive。
我已經安裝collection-fontsrecommended使用tlmgr.
現在，~/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/fonts/有幾個資料夾：afm、cmap、enc、 ... 、vf。
這是輸出tlmgr info helvetic
package: helvetic
category: Package
shortdesc: URW "Base 35" font pack for LaTeX.
longdesc: A set of fonts for use as "drop-in" replacements for Adobe's basic set, comprising: - Century Schoolbook (substituting for Adobe's New Century Schoolbook); - Dingbats (substituting for Adobe's Zapf Dingbats); - Nimbus Mono L (substituting for Abobe's Courier); - Nimbus Roman No9 L (substituting for Adobe's Times); - Nimbus Sans L (substituting for Adobe's Helvetica); - Standard Symbols L (substituting for Adobe's Symbol); - URW Bookman; - URW Chancery L Medium Italic (substituting for Adobe's Zapf Chancery); - URW Gothic L Book (substituting for Adobe's Avant Garde); and - URW Palladio L (substituting for Adobe's Palatino).
installed: Yes
revision: 31835
sizes: run: 2377k
relocatable: No
cat-date: 2012-06-06 22:57:48 +0200
cat-license: gpl
collection: collection-fontsrecommended
但是當我嘗試編譯時：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{helvetic}
\begin{document}
Hello World!
\end{document}
它給出了一個錯誤：
! LaTeX Error: File `helvetic.sty' not found.
Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,
or enter new name. (Default extension: sty)
我期待使用 Helvetica 字體排版的文檔。顯然，我做錯了什麼。
我該如何糾正事情？
答案1
由於您希望使用 TeX Live 而不是系統字體，因此最好查找有關字體的信息包包您可以使用它來建立字體檔案清單。這是因為大多數套件將包含許多不同的文件，texmf-dist/fonts並且這些文件與套件名稱的關係並不總是很明顯。 （目錄名稱可能是一個更好的指導，但仍然不是很好。）
要了解這是為什麼，有必要稍微考慮一下texmf-dist/fonts.在我的機器上，我有以下內容：
afm/ cid/ cmap/ enc/ fea/ lig/ map/ misc/ ofm/ opentype/ ovf/ ovp/ pfm/ pk/ sfd/ source/ tfm/ truetype/ type1/ vf/
afm檔案是 Adobe Font Metrics。據我所知，TeX 並未直接使用這些文件，但它們用於建立其他文件。cmap文件用於支援搜尋。例如，它們有助於將 PDF 中的字元對應到可搜尋的字元。 （它們可能還有我不知道的進一步用途。）enc文件指定了 TeX 需要確定哪個「槽」包含哪個字元的字體的各種編碼。fea我認為，是lig與 一起使用的功能和連字文件。fontspecmap幫助 TeX 找出哪個字體檔案對應哪個字體，以及字體編碼是否已變更。opentype不言自明的。pfm與文件格式不同的字體規格afm。兩者可以相互轉換。pk基於元字體來源預先準備的字體。sfd?? （FontForge 字體來源？）source用於產生pk檔案的元字體來源（根據需要在上面或在排版過程中即時產生）tfm從檔案產生的 TeX 字體規格afm或pfm與其他資訊一起產生的 TeX 字體規格。就 TeX 而言，這些是字體。然而，它們不包括字形。也就是說，它們不包括角色的「圖片」。相反，它們包含有關容納這些字元所需的框、如何調整框對之間的間距、何時用不同框替換兩個框、框尺寸等資訊。 （TeX 排版盒子。像其他所有東西一樣，一個字元就是一個盒子。）就 pdfTeX 而言，這些並不完全是字體 - 它也需要圖片。truetype不言自明的。type1有點不言自明。這些文件包含只不過人物圖片。如果沒有度量訊息，它們就沒有用。 （Postscript 字型隨 type1 字型檔 (.pfb或.pfa) 和公製檔 (.afm或)一起分發pfm。與 opentype 和 truetype 字型不同，沒有單獨的 postscript type1 字型檔。vf複雜的。這些是“虛擬字體”。他們告訴 TeX 如何從其他字體創建新字體。例如，如果您想將補充字體中的舊式數字和連字與主要字體中的字元組合起來，您可以建立一個虛擬字體，該字體從每個字體中獲取適當的字元並將它們組合起來。然後，TeX 可以將此字型視為用於排版目的的單一字型。虛擬字體檔案告訴 TeX 在哪裡可以找到建立虛擬字體所需的各種資訊和字形。 （傳統上，老式數字、小寫大寫字母和連字通常在單獨的.pfb文件中提供.pfa。要在TeX 中使用這些字符，您需要使用附加文件中的字符以及主文件中的字符來創建組合字體。）這些文件可以也可用於「偽造」實際字體中不存在的字形、近似小大寫字母或傾斜形狀，以及提供各種其他功能。
那麼，與其嘗試從這些目錄的內容中找出您擁有哪些字體，不如尋找字體包包它為文件組提供了一致的介面，這些文件組共同支援整個字體及其係列。
由於您使用的是 TeX Live，因此您可以使用tlmgr.
這裡有幾種不同的選擇。使用「分類法」的概念，可用於根據各種分類（例如或 ）tlmgr搜尋包。我們舉個例子。characterizationkeywordkeyword
我們首先需要知道哪些關鍵字可用：
tlmgr search --list --keyword
會給我們一個清單：
Keywords:
Computer Science
DVI file manipulation
Humanities
Mathematics (the subject)
MetaFont, Metapost
Physics, Chemistry, Biology
Social Science
URLs, hyperlinks
abbreviations, acronyms
abstract
alignment
appendix
arrays, matrices
arrows
article style
author
bibliography, formatting
bibliography, management
book style
boxed text, frames
calendar, schedule
caption
changebars
chapters, sectioning
collections, proceedings, conferences
color
columns, multiple columns
commutative diagrams
computer code, verbatim text
cross references
dates and times
distributions, whole systems
document style
dropped letter, often initial letter
editing, graphical work environment
encodings, Unicode
equations, subequations
exams, exercises, answers
external programs, interfacing
figures, floating matter
foils, overhead slides
font selection
fonts, mathematics
fonts, text
footnotes, end notes
front matter, end matter
glossary, dictionary
graphics created inside TeX (pictures, PSTricks, PGF, etc.)
graphics from outside TeX
headers, footers
help, documentation, FAQ
hyphenation
include file
index, indexing
justification
languages other than English
letters, envelopes, labels
lists, bullets
literate programming
macro programming
make, compilation systems
marginal material
minipage
music
output format PDF, PostScript
output format other than PDF (HTML, etc.)
output viewer
page breaks
page geometry (margins, etc.)
page numbering
page styles
paper size, orientation
paragraph
presentations (powerpoint-like, using a beamer)
proof sheets (typographical)
proofs
publisher's style
punctuation
quotation, poetry
report style
scientific units
spacing, horizontal or vertical
symbols, mathematical
symbols, text
table of contents
tables
text decoration (underline, etc.)
theorems
thesis style
title, maketitle
vita, CV, resume
watermark, draftmark
word processor conversion
wrap around a figure
這裡有幾個與字體相關：font selection、fonts, text和fonts, mathematics。最後兩個聽起來特別有希望，所以讓我們試試看。
首先，對於文字：
tlmgr search --keyword "fonts, text"
amiri - A classical Arabic typeface, Naskh style.
berenisadf - Berenis ADF fonts and TeX/LaTeX support.
calligra-type1 - Type 1 version of Calligra.
cantarell - LaTeX support for the Cantarell font family.
cm-unicode - Computer Modern Unicode font family.
comfortaa - Sans serif font, with LaTeX support.
dejavu - LaTeX support for the DejaVu fonts.
droid - LaTeX support for the Droid font families.
fntproof - A programmable font test pattern generator.
fontbook - Generate a font book.
fonts-tlwg - Thai fonts for LaTeX from TLWG.
fundus-calligra - Support for the calligra font in LaTeX documents.
fundus-sueterlin - Sutterlin
gillcm - Alternative unslanted italic Computer Modern fonts.
gnu-freefont - A Unicode font, with rather wide coverage.
hacm - Font support for the Arka language.
ipaex - IPA and IPAex fonts from Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan.
latex-fonts - A collection of fonts used in LaTeX distributions.
lato - Lato font family and LaTeX support.
lcyw - Make Classic Cyrillic CM fonts accessible in LaTeX.
lfb - A Greek font with normal and bold variants.
lh - Cyrillic fonts that support LaTeX standard encodings.
libris - Libris ADF fonts, with LaTeX support.
linearA - Linear A script fonts.
lm - Latin modern fonts in outline formats.
marvosym - Martin Vogel's Symbols (marvosym) font.
mathcomp - Text symbols in maths mode.
mdsymbol - Symbol fonts to match Adobe Myriad Pro.
mex - Polish formats for TeX.
mf2pt1 - Produce PostScript Type 1 fonts from Metafont source.
mxedruli - A pair of fonts for different Georgian alphabets.
nkarta - A "new" version of the karta cartographic fonts.
ocherokee - LaTeX Support for the Cherokee language.
ocr-b - Fonts for OCR-B.
ogham - Fonts for typesetting Ogham script.
oldstandard - Old Standard: A Unicode Font for Classical and Medieval Studies.
opensans - The Open Sans font family, and LaTeX support.
orkhun - A font for orkhun script.
pacioli - Fonts designed by Fra Luca de Pacioli in 1497.
paratype - LaTeX support for free fonts by ParaType.
phaistos - Disk of Phaistos font.
phonetic - Metafont Phonetic fonts, based on Computer Modern.
pigpen - A font for the pigpen (or masonic) cipher.
poltawski - Antykwa Poltawskiego Family of Fonts.
psnfss - Font support for common PostScript fonts.
punk - Donald Knuth's punk font.
punknova - OpenType version of Knuth's Punk font.
pxfonts - Palatino-like fonts in support of mathematics.
pxgreeks - Shape selection for PX fonts Greek letters.
recycle - A font providing the "recyclable" logo.
sanskrit - Sanskrit support.
sauter - Wide range of design sizes for CM fonts.
staves - Typeset Icelandic staves and runic letters.
stix - OpenType Unicode maths fonts.
superiors - Attach superior figures to a font family.
tabfigures - Maintain vertical alignment of figures.
tapir - A simple geometrical font.
tipa - Fonts and macros for IPA phonetics characters.
trajan - Fonts from the Trajan column in Rome.
txgreeks - Shape selection for TX fonts Greek letters.
typeface - Select a balanced set of fonts.
uhc - Fonts for the Korean language.
umtypewriter - Fonts to typeset with the xgreek package.
universa - Herbert Bayer's 'universal' font.
utopia - Adobe Utopia fonts.
wadalab - Wadalab (Japanese) font packages.
wnri - Ridgeway's fonts.
wsuipa - International Phonetic Alphabet fonts.
xecjk - Support for CJK documents in XeLaTeX.
xepersian - Persian for LaTeX, using XeTeX.
xits - A Scientific Times-like font with support for mathematical typesetting.
yannisgr - Greek fonts by Yannis Haralambous.
對於數學：
tlmgr search --keyword "fonts, mathematics"
a0poster - Support for designing posters on large paper.
accfonts - Utilities to derive new fonts from existing ones.
ae - Virtual fonts for T1 encoded CMR-fonts.
aeguill - Add several kinds of guillemets to the ae fonts.
allrunes - Fonts and LaTeX package for almost all runes.
amsfonts - TeX fonts from the American Mathematical Society.
antt - Antykwa Torunska: a Type 1 family of a Polish traditional type.
arabtex - Macros and fonts for typesetting Arabic.
aramaic-serto - Fonts and LaTeX for Syriac written in Serto.
archaic - A collection of archaic fonts.
arev - Fonts and LaTeX support files for Arev Sans.
arphic - Arphic (Chinese) font packages.
augie - Calligraphic font for typesetting handwriting.
auncial-new - Artificial Uncial font and LaTeX support macros.
aurical - Calligraphic fonts for use with LaTeX in T1 encoding.
b1encoding - LaTeX encoding tools for Bookhands fonts.
bbding - A symbol (dingbat) font and LaTeX macros for its use.
bbm - "Blackboard-style" cm fonts.
bbm-macros - LaTeX support for "blackboard-style" cm fonts.
bbold - Sans serif blackboard bold.
bbold-type1 - An Adobe Type 1 format version of the bbold font.
belleek - Free replacement for basic MathTime fonts.
bera - Bera fonts.
beton - Use Concrete fonts.
blacklettert1 - T1-encoded versions of Haralambous old German fonts.
boisik - A font inspired by Baskerville design.
bold-extra - Use bold small caps and typewriter fonts.
boondox - Mathematical alphabets derived from the STIX fonts.
brushscr - A handwriting script font.
calligra - Calligraphic font.
calrsfs - Copperplate calligraphic letters in LaTeX.
casyl - Typeset Cree/Inuktitut in Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics.
cbcoptic - Coptic fonts and LaTeX macros for general usage and for philology.
cc-pl - Polish extension of Computer Concrete fonts.
charter - Charter fonts.
cherokee - A font for the Cherokee script.
cm - Computer Modern fonts.
cm-lgc - Type 1 CM-based fonts for Latin, Greek and Cyrillic.
cm-super - CM-Super family of fonts
cm-unicode - Computer Modern Unicode font family.
cmbright - Computer Modern Bright fonts.
cmcyr - Computer Modern fonts with cyrillic extensions.
cmpica - A Computer Modern Pica variant.
cmsd - Interfaces to the CM Sans Serif Bold fonts.
cmtiup - Upright punctuation with CM italic.
concmath - Concrete Math fonts.
concmath-fonts - Concrete mathematics fonts.
concrete - Concrete Roman fonts.
cryst - Font for graphical symbols used in crystallography.
cyklop - The Cyclop typeface.
dancers - Font for Conan Doyle's "The Dancing Men".
doublestroke - Typeset mathematical double stroke symbols.
duerer - Computer Duerer fonts.
dutchcal - A reworking of ESSTIX13, adding a bold version.
ec - Computer modern fonts in T1 and TS1 encodings.
ecc - Sources for the European Concrete fonts.
eiad - Traditional style Irish fonts.
elmath - Mathematics in Greek texts.
epiolmec - Typesetting the Epi-Olmec Language.
esint - Extended set of integrals for Computer Modern.
esint-type1 - Font esint10 in Type 1 format
esstix - PostScript versions of the ESSTIX, with macro support.
ethiop - LaTeX macros and fonts for typesetting Amharic.
ethiop-t1 - Type 1 versions of Amharic fonts.
eulervm - Euler virtual math fonts.
euro-ce - Euro and CE sign font.
eurosym - Metafont and macros for Euro sign.
fc - Fonts for African languages.
fdsymbol - A maths symbol font.
fntproof - A programmable font test pattern generator.
foekfont - The title font of the Mads Fok magazine.
fontbook - Generate a font book.
fourier - Using Utopia fonts in LaTeX documents.
fpl - SC and OsF fonts for URW Palladio L
frcursive - French cursive hand fonts.
gothic - A collection of old German-style fonts.
greektex - Fonts for typesetting Greek/English documents.
hfbright - The hfbright fonts.
hyphenat - Disable/enable hypenation.
ibygrk - Fonts and macros to typeset ancient Greek.
ifsym - A collection of symbols.
inconsolata - A monospaced font, with support files for use with TeX.
initials - Adobe Type 1 decorative initial fonts.
iwona - A two-element sans-serif font.
junicode - A TrueType font for mediaevalists.
kerkis - Kerkis (Greek) font family.
kpfonts - A complete set of fonts for text and mathematics.
kurier - A two-element sans-serif typeface.
latex-fonts - A collection of fonts used in LaTeX distributions.
libgreek - Use Libertine or Biolinum Greek glyphs in mathematics.
lm - Latin modern fonts in outline formats.
lm-math - OpenType maths fonts for Latin Modern.
mathabx - Three series of mathematical symbols.
mathabx-type1 - Outline version of the mathabx fonts.
mathdesign - Mathematical fonts to fit with particular text fonts.
mathpazo - Fonts to typeset mathematics to match Palatino.
mathspec - Specify arbitrary fonts for mathematics in XeTeX.
mdputu - Upright digits in Adobe Utopia Italic.
mdsymbol - Symbol fonts to match Adobe Myriad Pro.
mex - Polish formats for TeX.
mf2pt1 - Produce PostScript Type 1 fonts from Metafont source.
mnsymbol - Mathematical symbol font for Adobe MinionPro.
prodint - A font that provides the product integral symbol.
pxfonts - Palatino-like fonts in support of mathematics.
pxtxalfa - Virtual maths alphabets based on pxfonts and txfonts.
rsfs - Ralph Smith's Formal Script font.
sansmathaccent - Correct placement of accents in sans-serif maths.
sauter - Wide range of design sizes for CM fonts.
shuffle - A symbol for the shuffle product.
stmaryrd - St Mary Road symbols for theoretical computer science.
tex-gyre-math - Maths fonts to match tex-gyre text fonts.
trsym - Symbols for transformations.
txfonts - Times-like fonts in support of mathematics.
typeface - Select a balanced set of fonts.
urwchancal - Use URW's clone of Zapf Chancery as a maths alphabet.
xits - A Scientific Times-like font with support for mathematical typesetting.
yhmath - Extended maths fonts for LaTeX.
從此清單中，您可以選擇軟體包進行進一步調查。可以透過多種方式獲得有關任何特定包的更多資訊。首先，tlmgr它本身可以提供有關包的基本資訊：
tlmgr info urwchancal
package: urwchancal
category: Package
shortdesc: Use URW's clone of Zapf Chancery as a maths alphabet.
longdesc: The package allows (the URW clone of) Zapf Chancery to function as a maths alphabet, the target of \mathcal or \mathscr, with accents appearing where they should, and other spacing parameters set to reasonable (not very tight) values. This package supersedes the pzccal package.
installed: Yes
revision: 21701
sizes: doc: 37k, run: 17k
relocatable: Yes
cat-version: 1
cat-date: 2014-02-26 23:03:13 +0100
cat-license: lppl
collection: collection-fontsextra
其次，texdoc可用於檢查本機安裝的文件：
texdoc urwchancal
有時，texdoc不會為您提供最有用的文件。在這種情況下，您還可以查看texmf-dist/doc/fonts/<packagename>是否有其他可用的東西。
最後，正如其他人所說，如果您想以更直觀的方式選擇字體，字體目錄讓您瀏覽可能性。但請注意，並非所有列出的字體都會安裝在您的電腦上，因為並非所有字體都是 TeX Live 的一部分。然而，此資訊是作為字體目錄記錄的一部分提供。
附錄
如果您希望使用的字體是基本 Postscript 字體之一（例如 Helvetica），texdoc psnfss則會提供有關使用情況的資訊。手冊告訴我們，要使用Helvetica，我們需要
\usepackage{helvet}% See notes about scaling if using in combination with something like Times
然而，就其本身而言，這不會使用 Helvetica 作為正文，因為 Helvetica 是一種無襯線字體。該軟體包的作用是將 Helvetica（實際上是克隆）安裝為預設的 sans 系列。要使用它，您必須切換到無字體：
\sffamily abc
或者
\textsf{abc}
如果您希望整個文件使用 sans，您可以更改預設襯線系列以匹配 sans：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{helvet}
\renewcommand*{\rmdefault}{\sfdefault}
\begin{document}
Hello World!
\end{document}
