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更改 TikZ 圖中 x 軸上的標籤

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf labels
更改 TikZ 圖中 x 軸上的標籤

我有以下程式碼來創建必須在其上繪製三角函數（以度為單位）的軸。它將被列印出來並用作數學試卷的一部分。但是，x軸的步長必須為 30 度。

如何修改下面的程式碼，將x-axis, 上的每個標籤乘以 30？即標籤必須是0; 30; 60; 90; 120; ...等

\documentclass[paper=a4, fontsize=11pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amsthm}
\usepackage{gensymb}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[step = 0.5 cm, gray, very thin] (-1, -4) grid ( 13, 4);
\draw[thick, ->] (-1,0) -- (13,0) node[anchor = north west] {$x$};
\draw[thick, ->] (0,-4) -- (0,4) node[anchor = south east] {$y$};
\foreach \x in {1,...,13}
   \draw (\x cm, 1pt) -- (\x cm, -1pt) node[anchor = north] {$\x \degree$};
\foreach \y in {-3,..., 3}
   \draw (1pt, \y cm) -- (-1pt, \y cm) node[anchor = east] {$\y$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此輸入影像描述

答案1

我稍微更改了您的\foreach聲明以包含[evaluate=\x as \degree using int(\x*30)]並$\degree^\circ$列印學位。您可以透過更改數字來更改步驟30。

輸出

度數

程式碼

\documentclass[margin=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amsthm}
\usepackage{gensymb}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[step = 0.5 cm, gray, very thin] (-1, -4) grid ( 13, 4);
\draw[thick, ->] (-1,0) -- (13,0) node[anchor = north west] {$x$};
\draw[thick, ->] (0,-4) -- (0,4) node[anchor = south east] {$y$};

\foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \degree using int(\x*30)] in {1,...,12}{ 
   \draw (\x cm, 1pt) -- (\x cm, -1pt) node[anchor = north] {$\degree^\circ$};
   }
\foreach \y in {-3,-2,-1,1,2,3}
   \draw (1pt, \y cm) -- (-1pt, \y cm) node[anchor = east] {$\y$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案2

您可以使用\pgfmathparse乘法。既然你得到了小數，你可能int還需要像

node[anchor = north] {\pgfmathparse{int(30*\x)}$\SI{\pgfmathresult}{\degree}$};

請注意，我已經使用了siunitx學位。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[step = 0.5 cm, gray, very thin] (-1, -4) grid ( 13, 4);
\draw[thick, ->] (-1,0) -- (13,0) node[anchor = south west] {$x$};
\draw[thick, ->] (0,-4) -- (0,4) node[anchor = south west] {$y$};
\foreach \x in {1,...,13}
   \draw (\x cm, 1pt) -- (\x cm, -1pt) node[anchor = north] {\pgfmathparse{int(30*\x)}$\SI{\pgfmathresult}{\degree}$};
\foreach \y in {-3,-2,-1,1,2, 3}
   \draw (1pt, \y cm) -- (-1pt, \y cm) node[anchor = east] {$\y$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此輸入影像描述

答案3

MetaPost 可能會對此感興趣。主要是為 x 軸選擇相關比例的問題，以及允許在該軸的標籤內循環的問題，這要歸功於\mplibtextextlabel{enable}序言中的說明。這使得每個命令的字串參數label都由 (Lua)LaTeX 透過textext巨集進行排版，比通常的標誌靈活得多btex … etex。

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{luamplib}
  \mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{document}
  \begin{mplibcode}
    numeric u, v, xmin, xmax, xstep, ymin, ymax, ystep; 
    u = cm/30; xmin = -30; xmax = 390; xstep = 15; 
    v = cm; ymax = 4 = -ymin; ystep = .5;
    beginfig(1);
      % Grid
      drawoptions(withcolor .8white);
      for i = ceiling(xmin/xstep) upto floor(xmax/xstep):
        draw ((i*xstep, ymin) -- (i*xstep, ymax)) xscaled u yscaled v;
      endfor
      for j = ceiling(ymin/ystep) upto floor(ymax/ystep):
        draw ((xmin, j*ystep) -- (xmax, j*ystep)) xscaled u yscaled v;
      endfor
      drawoptions(); labeloffset := 5bp;
      % x-axis marks and labels
      for i = 2xstep step 2xstep until xmax-2xstep:
        if i<>0: 
          label.bot("$" & decimal i & "\si\degree$", (i*u, 0)); 
          draw (i*u, -2bp) -- (i*u, 2bp);
        fi
      endfor
      % y-axis marks and labels
      for j = ymin+1 step 2ystep until ymax-1:
        if j<>0:
          draw(-2bp, j*v) -- (2bp, j*v);
          label.lft("$" & decimal j & "$", (0, j*v));
        fi  
      endfor 
      % Axes and other labels
      drawarrow (xmin*u, 0) -- (xmax*u, 0);
      drawarrow (0, ymin*v) -- (0, ymax*v);
      labeloffset := 3bp; label.llft("$O$", origin); 
      label.bot("$x$", (xmax*u, 0)); label.lft("$y$", (0, ymax*v));
    endfig;
  \end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

用LuaLaTeX排版。輸出：

在此輸入影像描述

答案4

PSTricks 解決方案：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[margin = 3cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{pst-plot}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{xfp}

\makeatletter
  \def\pst@@@hlabel#1{\ang{\fpeval{30*#1}}}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{pspicture*}(-1,-4)(13.36,4.4)
  \psgrid[subgriddiv = 2, gridcolor = lightgray](-1,-4)(12.9,3.9)
  \psaxes{->}(0,0)(-0.99,-3.99)(13,4)[$x$,0][$y$,90]
\end{pspicture*}

\end{document}

輸出

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