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有向圖權重

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有向圖權重

如何使用 TikZ 將權重定位在對角線上，以便清楚權重屬於哪一條邊？

\begin{tikzpicture}[
        > = stealth, % arrow head style
        shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
        auto,
        node distance = 3cm, % distance between nodes
        semithick % line style
    ]

    \tikzstyle{every state}=[
        draw = black,
        thick,
        fill = white,
        minimum size = 1mm
    ]

    \node[state] (y1) {$y_1$};
    \node[state] (y2) [right of=y1] {$y_2$};
    \node[state] (y3) [right of=y2] {$y_3$};
    \node[state] (x1) [above of=y1]{$x_1$};
    \node[state] (x2) [above of=y2] {$x_2$};
    \node[state] (x3) [above of=y3] {$x_3$};

    \path[->] (x1) edge node {5} (y1);
    \path[->] (y1) edge node {-8} (x2);
    \path[->] (x1) edge node {4} (y2);
    \path[->] (x2) edge node {3} (y2);
    \path[->] (x2) edge node {3} (y3);
    \path[->] (y2) edge node {-6} (x3);
    \path[->] (x3) edge node {3} (y3);

\end{tikzpicture}

數位

答案1

您可以將標籤定位鍵pos=與放置選項（above、above left、above right、below、below left、below right）一起使用來進一步自訂其放置。pos表示邊連接的座標之間的一定距離。我使用了pos=0.25可以很好地對齊標籤的放置選項。TikZ更多詳細信息，請參閱手冊第 2.21 節和 17.5.2 節。

這給出了一個可能的解決方案。給出此結果的 MWE 如下。

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\documentclass[border=5pt,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,automata,positioning}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
    > = stealth, % arrow head style
    shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
    auto,
    node distance = 3cm, % distance between nodes
    semithick % line style
    ]

    \tikzset{every state}=[
    draw = black,
    thick,
    fill = white,
    minimum size = 1mm
    ]

    \node[state] (y1) {$y_1$};
    \node[state] (y2) [right=of y1] {$y_2$};
    \node[state] (y3) [right=of y2] {$y_3$};
    \node[state] (x1) [above=of y1]{$x_1$};
    \node[state] (x2) [above=of y2] {$x_2$};
    \node[state] (x3) [above=of y3] {$x_3$};

    \path[->] (x1) edge  node[] {5} (y1);
    \path[->] (y1) edge  node[pos=0.25,below right] {-8} (x2);
    \path[->] (x1) edge  node[pos=0.25,above right] {4} (y2);
    \path[->] (x2) edge  node[] {3} (y2);
    \path[->] (x2) edge  node[pos=0.25,above right] {3} (y3);
    \path[->] (y2) edge  node[pos=0.25,below right] {-6} (x3);
    \path[->] (x3) edge  node[] {3} (y3);

    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

請始終發布以 開頭\documentclass和結尾的完整 MWE \end{document}。歡迎來到 TeX.SE。

答案2

您也可以使用near start或near end。

順便提一句，使用\tikzset，不使用\tikzstyle，但是，就您而言，這是沒有必要的，並且below/above of已被棄用，請參閱 Zarko 的答案。

對於節點定位，您也可以使用tikz matrix.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{automata, matrix}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
        > = stealth, % arrow head style
        shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
        auto,
        node distance = 3cm, % distance between nodes
        semithick % line style
    ]
    every state/.style={%
        draw = black,
        thick,
        fill = white,
        minimum size = 1mm
    }
    \matrix[%
        matrix of math nodes,
        column sep = 2.1cm,
        row sep = 2.1cm,
        inner sep = 0pt,
        nodes={state}
        ] (m) {% 
        x_1 & x_2 & x_3 \\
        y_1 & y_2 & y_3 \\
        };
        \path[->] (m-1-1) edge node {5} (m-2-1)
                  (m-2-1) edge node[near start, swap] {-8} (m-1-2)
                  (m-1-1) edge node[near start] {4} (m-2-2)
                  (m-1-2) edge node {3} (m-2-2)
                  (m-1-2) edge node[near end, swap] {3} (m-2-3)
                  (m-2-2) edge node[near end] {-6} (m-1-3)
                  (m-1-3) edge node {3} (m-2-3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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答案3

正確使用 TikZ 庫positioning right of = ...是錯誤使用庫，正確的是right=of ...) ，添加庫quotes和所有樣式定義確定為 的選項tikzpicture，代碼可以變得清晰，沒有任何混亂，如奇怪的state樣式定義等，即簡潔：

\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{automata, 
                positioning, quotes}% <-- added libraries

\begin{document}    
\begin{tikzpicture}[
        > = stealth,        % arrow head style
        shorten > = 1pt,    % don't touch arrow head to node
        auto,
        node distance = 3cm,% distance between nodes
        semithick,          % edge thick
                    ]
\node[state] (y1) {$y_1$};
\node[state] (y2) [right=of y1] {$y_2$};
\node[state] (y3) [right=of y2] {$y_3$};
\node[state] (x1) [above=of y1] {$x_1$};
\node[state] (x2) [above=of y2] {$x_2$};
\node[state] (x3) [above=of y3] {$x_3$};

\path[->]   (x1) edge ["$5$"]           (y1) 
            (y1) edge [pos=0.3, "$-8$"] (x2) 
            (x1) edge [pos=0.3, "$ 4$"] (y2) 
            (x2) edge ["$3$"]           (y2)
            (x2) edge [pos=0.3, "$ 3$"] (y3)
            (y2) edge [pos=0.3, "$-6$"] (x3)
            (x3) edge ["$3$"]           (y3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

編輯： 如果您想要更小的邊緣標籤，更靠近邊緣，然後在tikzpicture選項之間添加

every edge quotes/.append style = {font=\footnotesize, inner sep=2pt}

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答案4

使用選項sloped將文字對角放置

 \documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
 \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, calc, chains, positioning, shapes, shapes.arrows}
 \usepackage{enumitem}
 \newlist{tikzitemize}{itemize}{1}% <-- defined new list
 \setlist[tikzitemize]{nosep,     % <-- new list setup
                  topsep     = 0pt       ,
                  partopsep  = 0pt       ,
                  leftmargin = *         ,
                  label      = $\bullet$ ,
                  before     = \vspace{-1.5ex},
                 }

 \begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[
         > = stealth, % arrow head style
         shorten > = 1pt, % don't touch arrow head to node
         auto,
         node distance = 3cm, % distance between nodes
         semithick % line style
     ]

     \tikzstyle{state}=[
         draw = black,
         thick,
         fill = white,
         minimum size = 1mm,
         circle,
       ]

     \node[state] (y1) {$y_1$};
     \node[state] (y2) [right of=y1] {$y_2$};
     \node[state] (y3) [right of=y2] {$y_3$};
     \node[state] (x1) [above of=y1]{$x_1$};
     \node[state] (x2) [above of=y2] {$x_2$};
     \node[state] (x3) [above of=y3] {$x_3$};

     \path[->] (x1) edge node[sloped,above] {5} (y1);
     \path[->] (y1) edge node[sloped] {-8} (x2);
     \path[->] (x1) edge node[sloped] {4} (y2);
     \path[->] (x2) edge node[sloped,above] {3} (y2);
     \path[->] (x2) edge node[sloped] {3} (y3);
     \path[->] (y2) edge node[sloped] {-6} (x3);
     \path[->] (x3) edge node[sloped,above] {3} (y3);

 \end{tikzpicture}
 \end{document}

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