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尋找包含一個字串但不包含另一個字串的檔案

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尋找包含一個字串但不包含另一個字串的檔案

我位於一個包含大量.txt文件的資料夾中，我想找到包含stringA但不包含的所有文件stringB（它們不一定位於同一行）。有誰知道如何做到這一點？

答案1

只要您的檔案名稱不包含空格、製表符、換行符（假設未修改的$IFS）或通配符且不以 開頭-，並且如果您grep支援該-L選項，則可以按如下方式執行操作：

$ cat file1
stringA
stringC
$ cat file2
stringA
stringB
$ grep -L stringB $(grep -l stringA file?)
file1

grep在子 shell 中執行，$()將列印所有包含stringA.該文件列表是主grep命令的輸入，它列出了所有不包含stringB.

從man grep

  -v, --invert-match

          Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.  (-v is specified by POSIX.)

  -L, --files-without-match

          Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which no output would normally have been printed.  The scanning will stop on the first match.

  -l, --files-with-matches

          Suppress normal output; instead print the name of each input file from which output would normally have been printed.  The scanning will stop on the first match.  (-l is specified by POSIX.)

答案2

使用 GNU 工具：

grep -lZ stringA ./*.txt |
  xargs -r0 grep -L stringB

-L、-Z、-r、-0有時是 GNU 擴展，但並不總是在其他一些實作中找到。

答案3

#run loop for each file in the directory
for i in `ls -l | tail -n+2 | awk '{print $NF}'` ; do
   #check if file contains "string B" 
   #if true then filename is not printed
   if [[ `egrep "string B" $i | wc -l` -eq 0 ]] ; then
      #check if file contains "string A"
      #if false then file name is not printed
      if [[ `egrep "string A" $i | wc -l` -gt 0 ]] ; then
         #file name is printed only if "string A" is present and "string B" is absent
         echo $i
      fi
   fi
done

檢查伯恩哈德的答案後：

grep -Le "string B" $(grep -le "string A" `ls`)

如果檔案名稱包含空格：

grep -L stringB $(grep -l stringA `ls -l | tail -n+2 | awk '{print $NF}' | sed -e 's/\s/\\ /g'`

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