如何交換 biblatex-philosophy 中的參考書目欄位？

Question

biblatex僅用幾行程式碼來更改欄位順序並不總是那麼簡單。這是由於biblatex的參考書目處理結構造成的。biblatex每個條目類型都有一個“驅動程式”，用於定義以什麼順序列印哪些欄位。然而，這些驅動程式並不總是\printfield直接調用，它們通常調用輔助 bibmacros 來進行列印。

以@bookfrom 的驅動程式philosophy-standard.bbx為例

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
  \newunit
  \printlist{language}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{edition}%
  \newunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{series+number}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
  \newunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
  \newunit
  \printfield{pagetotal}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
    {\printfield{isbn}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \newblock
  \usebibmacro{phil:related}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

您可以看到有些欄位是直接列印的 ( \printfield{edition})，而許多其他內容是由 bibmacro ( \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}) 列印的。

如果幸運的話，有一個相當短的 bibmacro 可以列印您想要交換的兩個欄位。然後更改欄位的順序就像重新定義該 bibmacro 一樣簡單。例如，如果您想更改publisher、location和的順序date，您只需重新定義即可publisher+location+date。通常，所有條目類型都會使用這些宏，因此您甚至不必擔心這一點。

但是，如果您想交換特定驅動程式中不同巨集列印的兩個字段，那麼您實際上必須重寫該驅動程式。您可以複製驅動程式定義並簡單地重新排列欄位。這可能很煩人，並且會導致您的序言很快就被許多行程式碼填滿，因為您的 bibdriver 的平均長度約為 40 到 50 行。您將必須修改所有受影響的驅動程式。

在這些情況下，使用該套件會更方便xpatch。使用該\xpatchbibdriver命令您可以替換驅動程式定義的某些位元。要從edition驅動程式中刪除@book你會說

\xpatchbibdriver{book}
  {\printfield{edition}%
   \newunit}
  {}
  {}
  {\typeout{failed to remove edition from driver for 'book'}}

然後你可以將它添加到你真正想要的地方

\xpatchbibdriver{book}
  {\printlist{language}%
   \newunit\newblock}
  {\printlist{language}%
   \newunit\newblock
   \printfield{edition}%
   \newunit}
  {}
  {\typeout{failed to add edition to bibmacro 'book'}}

結構上類似的補丁也必須應用於其他驅動程式和 bibmacros。

為此，了解底層驅動程式的結構至關重要。

完整修復了所有條目類型

\documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{scrartcl}

% Bibliography preamble
\usepackage[giveninits=true, style=philosophy-modern]{biblatex}  
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@book{auerbach2003,
  Author = {Auerbach, Erich},
  Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
  Title = {Mimesis: the representation of reality in Western literature},
  date = {2003},
  Editor = {Trask, Willard R.},
  editortype = {translator},
  Location = {Princeton},
  edition = {2}}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

% Some tweaks I've already made
\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{#1}% no postnote prefix in "normal" citation commands
\DeclareFieldFormat{multipostnote}{#1}% no postnote prefix in "multicite" commands
\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}% no prefix for the `pages` field in the bibliography

\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{title}{#1} % Remove quotations from Article title
\setlength{\yeartitle}{5.4em} % Set greater spacing between the year and the title
\setlength{\postnamesep}{2.5ex plus 2pt minus 1pt}

\usepackage{xpatch}
\newcommand*{\removeeditiondriver}[1]{%
  \xpatchbibdriver{#1}
    {\printfield{edition}%
     \newunit}
    {}
    {}
    {\typeout{failed to remove edition from driver for '#1'}}}
\forcsvlist{\removeeditiondriver}{book,collection,manual,jurisdiction}
\newcommand*{\removeeditionbibmacro}[1]{%
  \xpatchbibdriver{#1}
    {\printfield{edition}%
     \newunit}
    {}
    {}
    {\typeout{failed to remove edition from bibmacro '#1'}}}
\forcsvlist{\removeeditionbibmacro}{inbook:full,incollection:full,xrefdata}

\newcommand*{\addeditiondriver}[1]{%
  \xpatchbibdriver{#1}
    {\printlist{language}%
     \newunit\newblock}
    {\printlist{language}%
     \newunit\newblock
     \printfield{edition}%
     \newunit}
    {}
    {\typeout{failed to add edition to driver for '#1'}}}
\forcsvlist{\addeditiondriver}{book,collection,manual,jurisdiction}

\newcommand*{\addeditionbibmacroin}[1]{%
  \xpatchbibdriver{#1}
    {\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
     \newunit\newblock}
    {\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
     \newunit\newblock
     \printfield{edition}%
     \newunit}
    {}
    {\typeout{failed to add edition to bibmacro '#1'}}}
\forcsvlist{\addeditionbibmacroin}{inbook:full,incollection:full}

\xpretobibmacro{xrefdata}
  {\printfield{edition}%
   \newunit}
  {}
  {\typeout{failed to add edition to bibmacro '#1'}}

\begin{document}
Sentence containing citation \parencite{nietzsche:ksa,companion,auerbach2003}.

\printbibliography
\end{document}

Answer 1