歐拉和減號

Question

我正在嘗試定義一個巨集來排版歐拉複數 e-power，其參數中帶或不帶減號。我希望巨集能夠自動偵測其參數是否以-.我有以下使用可選參數的 MWE：

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,fleqn]{article}

\def\imaginaryunit{j}                  % the imaginary unit, i for mathematician and theoretical physicist, j for the rest of the world.
\def\imunit{\mathrm{\imaginaryunit}}   % ... in upright math
\def\ce{\mathrm{e}}                    % the constant e, upright of course
\makeatletter
\def\epowim{\@ifnextchar[{\epowimi}{\epowimi[]}}       % e to-the-power-of imaginary unit
\def\epowimi[#1]#2{\ce^{#1\if\imaginaryunit j\relax\,\fi\imunit#2}}       % e to-the-power-of imaginary unit
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\epowim{\alpha}\qquad \epowim[-]{\alpha} \qquad \ce^{-\imunit\alpha}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

所以我想要一個巨集來偵測它的參數是否以以下開頭-：

\epowim{-\alpha}

應檢測-並將其放置在虛數單位之前，而不是將其放置在虛數單位之後。

所以問題是是否可以做到以及如何做到。

Answer 1

像這樣的東西嗎？

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,fleqn]{article}
\def\imaginaryunit{j}                  % the imaginary unit, i for mathematician and theoretical physicist, j for the rest of the world.
\def\imunit{\mathrm{\imaginaryunit}}   % ... in upright math
\def\ce{\mathrm{e}}                    % the constant e, upright of course
\newcommand\epowim[1]{\ce^{\epowimaux#1\relax\endep}}
\def\epowimaux#1#2\endep{\ifx-#1\relax-\imunit\else%
  \if j\imaginaryunit\relax\,\fi\imunit#1\fi#2}
\begin{document}
\[
\epowim{\alpha}\qquad \epowim{-\alpha} \qquad \ce^{-\imunit\alpha}
\]
\[
\epowim{x+t}\quad\epowim{-x+t}\quad\epowim{-}\quad\epowim{}
\]
\def\imaginaryunit{i}
\[
\epowim{\alpha}\qquad \epowim{-\alpha} \qquad \ce^{-\imunit\alpha}
\]
\[
\epowim{x+t}\quad\epowim{-x+t}\quad\epowim{-}\quad\epowim{}
\]
\end{document}

Answer 2

避免\def，你的生活會更輕鬆。

既然你似乎知道\@ifnextchar：

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,fleqn]{article}

% the imaginary unit, j for engineers and i for the rest of the world
\newcommand\imaginaryunit{j}
% in upright type as engineers do; also Euler's constant
\newcommand\imunit{\mathrm{\imaginaryunit}}
\newcommand\ce{\mathrm{e}}

\newcommand{\fiximunit}{\if\imaginaryunit j\,\fi}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\epowim}[1]{\ce^{\epowim@#1}}
\newcommand{\epowim@}{\@ifnextchar-{\epowim@@}{\epowim@@{\fiximunit}}}
\newcommand{\epowim@@}[1]{#1\imunit}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\epowim{\alpha}\qquad \epowim{-\alpha} \qquad \ce^{-\imunit\alpha}
\qquad \epowim{} \qquad \epowim{-}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

說明：如果找到，則\@ifnextchar-使用下一個參數，否則使用連續的參數，但是-沒有刪除-.所以如果-被呼叫結果會是

\epowim@@-\alpha

它-作為參數傳遞給\epowim@@.否則以參數\epowim@@調用\fiximunit。

\epowim{}分別\epowim{-}排版 e ^j和 e ^−j不會失敗。

一個也許更簡單的實作xparse：

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,fleqn]{article}

\usepackage{xparse}

% the imaginary unit, j for engineers and i for the rest of the world
\newcommand\imaginaryunit{j}
% in upright type as engineers do; also Euler's constant
\newcommand\imunit{\mathrm{\imaginaryunit}}
\newcommand\ce{\mathrm{e}}

\newcommand{\fiximunit}{\if\imaginaryunit j\,\fi}

\NewDocumentCommand{\epowim}{m}{\ce^{\powim#1}}
\NewDocumentCommand{\powim}{t-}{\IfBooleanTF{#1}{-\imunit}{\fiximunit\imunit}}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\epowim{\alpha}\qquad \epowim{-\alpha} \qquad \ce^{-\imunit\alpha}
\qquad \epowim{} \qquad \epowim{-}
\end{equation}

\end{document}