pgfplots 中的線條和軸標籤

Question

我對下面的程式碼有兩個問題：

1. 如何將虛線放在正確的位置（即從 (0, 2) 到 (3, 2) 到 (3, 0)）？目前他們處於錯誤的位置。

2. 我怎樣才能移動X和y軸標籤分別位於軸的下方和左側？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,tikz,graphicx,pgfplots,xcolor,float}

\begin{document}
\pgfplotsset{
standard/.style={
    every axis x label/.style={at={(current axis.right of origin)},anchor=north west},
    every axis y label/.style={at={(current axis.above origin)},anchor=north east}
 }
}
 \begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\n}{sqrt(13)}
    \begin{axis}[axis equal,
                 xlabel=$x$,
    x label style = {below=5mm},
                 ylabel=$y$,
                 axis lines=middle,
                 xmin=-3,xmax=8,
                 xtick={3},
                 ymin=-3,ymax=8,
                 ytick={2},]
    \addplot[very thick, red!50, domain=0:360, samples=100, variable=\t] ({3+\n*cos(t)},{2+\n*sin(t)});
    \end{axis}
\coordinate (A) at (0,2);
\coordinate (B) at (3,2);
\coordinate (C) at (3,0);
    \draw[dashed] (A)--(B)--(C);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Answer 1

至 1.：
在這裡您放置了\coordinates外部環境axis，因此您引用的是 TikZ 座標係而不是axis1。但即使你把它們放在裡面環境axis也會導致相同的結果。程式碼中的註解解釋了為什麼以及如何防止/克服這種情況。

To 2.：
這裡您將axis選項放置在「錯誤」的順序中。您的x label style嘗試沒有成功，因為之後您加載了樣式，axis lines=middle該樣式本身有一個x label style聲明，因此“否決”了您的聲明。切換按鍵的順序即可使其運作。但是有一個比你的更好的解決方案，也可以在下面的程式碼中找到。

除此之外，我對您的程式碼做了一些其他改進...

% used PGFPlots v1.16
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
    % use this `compat` level or higher to make `axis cs:` the default
    % coordinate system for TikZ coordinates
    \pgfplotsset{compat=1.11}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[
        % (this has to be written near the beginning, thus other styles are
        % not overwritten again)
        axis lines=middle,
        axis equal,
        xmin=-3,
        xmax=8,
        xtick={3},
        ymin=-3,
        ymax=8,
        ytick={2},
        xlabel=$x$,
        ylabel=$y$,
%        % (this didn't work because it was overwritten by `axis lines`,
%        %  which originally was below this statement)
%        x label style={below=5mm},
        xlabel style={
            anchor=north east,
        },
        ylabel style={
            anchor=north east,
        },
    ]
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\n}{sqrt(13)}
        \addplot [
            very thick,
            red!50,
            domain=0:360,
            % (by using smooth the default `samples=25` is perfectly fine)
            smooth,
        ] (
            {3+\n*cos(x)},
            {2+\n*sin(x)}
        );

        % when `compat` level is 1.11 or higher, TikZ coordinates don't have
        % to be prepended by `axis cs:` (any more) because then this is the
        % default coordinate system
        \draw [dashed] (0,2) -| (3,0);
%        % ... thus, otherwise you have to write
%        \draw [dashed] (axis cs:0,2) -| (axis cs:3,0);
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

解決方案使用純的鈦kZ，代碼似乎是很多較短：

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[-stealth] (0,-3)--(0,8) node[left] {$y$};
\draw[-stealth] (-3,0)--(8,0) node[below] {$x$};
\draw[dashed] (0,2) node[left] {2}--(3,2)--(3,0) node[below] {3};
\draw[red!50,very thick] plot[smooth,variable=\t,samples=100,domain=0:360] ({3+sqrt(13)*cos(\t)},{2+sqrt(13)*sin(\t)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

scale=...如果您發現數字太大（我認為是這樣），您可以添加選項。