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在 tikz 中使用由 \FPeval 計算的 \def 變數

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在 tikz 中使用由 \FPeval 計算的 \def 變數

你好，我是一個絕對的初學者。

我使用了一些用於繪製神經網路的 tikz 模板並嘗試對其進行修改，以便我可以自動更改層數，但它會產生奇怪的錯誤。

我正在使用這些軟體包，不知道這是否重要

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[czech]{babel}
\usepackage[margin=2cm, a4paper]{geometry}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{fontawesome}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage[protrusion,expansion]{microtype}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[nomessages]{fp}

我在單獨的 .sty 檔案中提出了以下巨集：

\newcommand{\mln}[3]{
    \def\layersep{#1}
    \def\inpneuroncount{#2}
    \def\hidneuroncount{#3}

    \FPeval{result}{clip((\hidneuroncount-\inpneuroncount)/2)}
    \def\nodeoffset{yshift=\result cm}
    \nodeoffset

    \begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,->,draw=black!50, node distance=\layersep]
        \tikzstyle{every pin edge}=[<-,shorten <=3pt]
        \tikzstyle{neuron}=[circle,fill=black!25,minimum size=15pt,inner sep=0pt]
        \tikzstyle{input neuron}=[neuron, fill=green!50];
        \tikzstyle{output neuron}=[neuron, fill=red!50];
        \tikzstyle{hidden neuron}=[neuron, fill=blue!50];
        \tikzstyle{annot} = [text width=4em, text centered]

        % Draw the input layer nodes
        \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,\inpneuroncount}
        % This is the same as writing \foreach \name / \y in {1/1,2/2,3/3,4/4}
            \node[input neuron, pin=left:Input \#\y] (I-\name) at (0,-\y) {};

        % Draw the hidden layer nodes
        \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,\hidneuroncount}
            \path[\nodeoffset]
                node[hidden neuron] (H-\name) at (\layersep,-\y cm) {};

        % Draw the output layer node
        \node[output neuron,pin={[pin edge={->}]right:Output}, right of=H-1] (O) {};

        % Connect every node in the input layer with every node in the
        % hidden layer.
        \foreach \source in {1,...,\inpneuroncount}
            \foreach \dest in {1,...,\hidneuroncount}
                \path (I-\source) edge (H-\dest);

        % Connect every node in the hidden layer with the output layer
        \foreach \source in {1,...,\hidneuroncount}
            \path (H-\source) edge (O);

        % Annotate the layers
        \node[annot,above of=H-1, node distance=1cm] (hl) {Hidden layer};
        \node[annot,left of=hl] {Input layer};
        \node[annot,right of=hl] {Output layer};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    % End of code
}

我想做的就是讓隱藏層的 yshift 等於輸入神經元數量與隱藏層神經元數量差異的一半。我創建了一個變數 \nodeoffset，使用後，當您使用 \mln{2.5cm}{2}{3} 時，它會清楚地呈現文字“yshift=0.5cm”

當我嘗試在部分中使用它時

% Draw the hidden layer nodes
    \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,\hidneuroncount}
        \path[\nodeoffset]

它會產生類似“包 pgfkeys 錯誤：我不知道密鑰 '/tikz/yshift=0.5cm' 的錯誤，我將忽略它。也許你拼錯了它。”

如何正確取得那裡的參數？

答案1

您面臨著所謂的擴充問題。鈦kZ 並沒有完全展開宏\nodeoffset。您可以透過替換來擴展它

\path[\nodeoffset] node[hidden neuron] (H-\name) at (\layersep,-\y cm) {};

經過

\path[style/.expanded=\nodeoffset] node[hidden neuron] (H-\name) at (\layersep,-\y cm) {};

完整範例：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage[nomessages]{fp}
\newcommand{\mln}[3]{
    \def\layersep{#1}
    \def\inpneuroncount{#2}
    \def\hidneuroncount{#3}

    \FPeval{result}{clip((\hidneuroncount-\inpneuroncount)/2)}
    \def\nodeoffset{yshift=\result cm}
    \nodeoffset

    \begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,->,draw=black!50, node distance=\layersep]
        \tikzstyle{every pin edge}=[<-,shorten <=3pt]
        \tikzstyle{neuron}=[circle,fill=black!25,minimum size=15pt,inner sep=0pt]
        \tikzstyle{input neuron}=[neuron, fill=green!50];
        \tikzstyle{output neuron}=[neuron, fill=red!50];
        \tikzstyle{hidden neuron}=[neuron, fill=blue!50];
        \tikzstyle{annot} = [text width=4em, text centered]

        % Draw the input layer nodes
        \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,\inpneuroncount}
        % This is the same as writing \foreach \name / \y in {1/1,2/2,3/3,4/4}
            \node[input neuron, pin=left:Input \#\y] (I-\name) at (0,-\y) {};

        % Draw the hidden layer nodes
        \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,\hidneuroncount}
            \path[style/.expanded=\nodeoffset]
                node[hidden neuron] (H-\name) at (\layersep,-\y cm) {};

        % Draw the output layer node
        \node[output neuron,pin={[pin edge={->}]right:Output}, right of=H-1] (O) {};

        % Connect every node in the input layer with every node in the
        % hidden layer.
        \foreach \source in {1,...,\inpneuroncount}
            \foreach \dest in {1,...,\hidneuroncount}
                \path (I-\source) edge (H-\dest);

        % Connect every node in the hidden layer with the output layer
        \foreach \source in {1,...,\hidneuroncount}
            \path (H-\source) edge (O);

        % Annotate the layers
        \node[annot,above of=H-1, node distance=1cm] (hl) {Hidden layer};
        \node[annot,left of=hl] {Input layer};
        \node[annot,right of=hl] {Output layer};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    % End of code
}
\begin{document}
\mln{8em}{5}{4}
\end{document}

在此輸入影像描述

但是，我想建議一些修改/改進。

  1. \tikzstyle已棄用，請改用相應的\tikzset語法（見下文）。
  2. 你實際上不需要fp這裡。
  3. 使用positioning。
  4. \def開頭的 s 似乎沒有真正的目的。

還有很多事情可以改變，但這是部分修改的版本。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\newcommand{\mln}[3]{
    \begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,->,draw=black!50, node distance=#1]
        \tikzset{every pin edge/.style={<-,shorten <=3pt},
          neuron/.style={circle,fill=black!25,minimum size=15pt,inner
            sep=0pt},
          input neuron/.style={neuron, fill=green!50},
          output neuron/.style={neuron, fill=red!50},
          hidden neuron/.style={neuron, fill=blue!50},
          annot/.style={text width=4em, text centered},
        my offset/.style={yshift={((#3-#2)/2)*1cm}}}
        \begin{scope}[local bounding box=diag]
          % Draw the input layer nodes
          \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,#2}
          % This is the same as writing \foreach \name / \y in {1/1,2/2,3/3,4/4}
              \node[input neuron, pin={[alias=auxI]left:Input \#\y}] (I-\name) at (0,-\y) {};

          % Draw the hidden layer nodes
          \foreach \name / \y in {1,...,#3}
              {\path[my offset]
                  node[hidden neuron] (H-\name) at (#1,-\y cm) {};}

          % Draw the output layer node
          \node[output neuron,pin={[pin edge={->},alias=auxO]right:Output}, right=of H-1] (O) {};

          % Connect every node in the input layer with every node in the
          % hidden layer.
          \foreach \source in {1,...,#2}
              \foreach \dest in {1,...,#3}
                  \path (I-\source) edge (H-\dest);

          % Connect every node in the hidden layer with the output layer
          \foreach \source in {1,...,#3}
              \path (H-\source) edge (O);
        \end{scope}
        % Annotate the layers
        \path ([yshift=1ex]diag.north-|H-1.center) node[anchor=south,annot] (hl) {Hidden layer};
        \path ([yshift=1ex]diag.north-|auxI.west) node[anchor=south west,annot]  {Input layer};
        \path ([yshift=1ex]diag.north-|auxO.east) node[anchor=south east,annot]  {Output layer};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    % End of code
}
\begin{document}
\mln{8em}{5}{4}
\end{document}

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