如何透過向檔案名稱傳遞參數來快速切換 .tex 檔案？

Question 1

似乎您需要一種“機制”來在未“手動”提供\prjindex定義的情況下進行自動檢測。\prjindex

初步評論：

通常原語的擴充\jobname形成了用於啟動編譯的檔案的名稱（不含副檔名）。

testfile.tex例如，如果您透過命令列編譯一個主文件的項目
latex testfile.tex
，則原語\jobname將擴展為短語testfile。
由提供的短語中的字元標記\jobname將始終屬於類別代碼 12（其他），而空格將始終屬於類別代碼 10（空格）。

testfile來自擴展的短語\jobname將用於

建立 .log 檔案： .log 檔案將被命名為testfile.log。
建立主 .aux 檔案：該檔案將被命名為testfile.aux.
建立保存目錄資料的 .toc 檔案：該檔案將命名為 .toc 檔案testfile.toc。
建立保存圖形清單資料的 .lof 檔案：該檔案將命名為 .lof 檔案testfile.lof。
建立保存表格清單資料的 .lot 檔案：該檔案將被命名為testfile.lot。
ETC。

但對於當今大多數 TeX 發行版，您可以擁有 (La)TeX偏離通常的處理事情的方式:

對於當今大多數 TeX 發行版，您可以在命令列中提供命令列選項（‑‑jobname-選項），它可以讓您更改將提供的短語\jobname。

testfile.tex例如，如果您透過命令列編譯一個主文件的項目
latex --jobname=foobar testfile.tex
，則原語\jobname將擴展為短語foobar。

foobar在這種情況下，來自擴展的短語\jobname將用於

建立 .log 檔案： .log 檔案將被命名為foobar.log。
建立主 .aux 檔案：該檔案將被命名為foobar.aux.
建立保存目錄資料的 .toc 檔案：該檔案將命名為 .toc 檔案foobar.toc。
建立保存圖形清單資料的 .lof 檔案：該檔案將命名為 .lof 檔案foobar.lof。
建立保存表格清單資料的 .lot 檔案：該檔案將被命名為foobar.lot。
ETC。

根據我下面的建議，LaTeX 需要處理一些事情在裡面通常的方式，即要編譯的東西沒有提供一些‑‑jobname-選項。

因此，我下面的建議不適合使用此類（線上）LaTeX 平台/TeX 編輯器/使用者介面的人，這些介面在幕後配置為使用 - 選項‑‑jobname。

以防萬一

所有那些在編譯期間其定義將被“自動檢測”的文件的名稱\prjindex（因為它不會“手動”定義）都具有模式-都表示項目並且不為空且不包含下劃線 ( ) -Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩.tex⟨#1⟩_

，和

\prjindex呼叫 Latex 進行「獨立編譯」文件，在其編譯過程中，總是會發生「自動檢測」的定義沒有呼叫‑‑jobname- 選項（這意味著 -primitive 的擴展形成\jobname用於啟動編譯的檔案的名稱（不帶擴展名））

，我可以提供一個宏\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined，其作用如下：

如果巨集\prjindex已經定義，則它不執行任何操作。

如果\prjindex未定義巨集，它會檢查\jobname-primitive 的擴充是否為 pattern 。如果不屬於該模式，則會觸發錯誤訊息。如果是該模式，將檢查是否為空。如果是這種情況，將觸發錯誤訊息。如果不是這種情況，巨集將被定義為擴展為.Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩⟨#1⟩\prjindex⟨#1⟩

我無法決定該例程是否對您有用，因為您沒有詳細透露專案文件結構的這一部分是如何組織的，這使得可以編譯“獨立”的單個文件當通過或。Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩.tex\input\include

如果所有專案檔案以某種方式共用相同的前導碼，您可以透過該前導碼使此例程可供所有專案檔案使用。

也許您可以將該例程（以及對它的呼叫）包含到您的例程中，如果已經定義了preamble.tex.該例程，則例程不會執行任何操作。所以\prjindex

在master.tex你可以定義的範圍內\prjindex 前輸入preamble.tex.
獨立編譯您的其中一個檔案的情況會導致輸入while尚未定義，這反過來會導致例程「自動檢測」並通過檢查.Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩.tex\preamble.tex\prjindex\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\prjindex\jobname

\documentclass{article}

%%========Code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=========
\begingroup
\makeatletter
\def\prjprephrase{Projekt_}%
\def\prjpostphrase{_}%
% \jobname delivers everything but the space (which will be of catcode 10) 
% with catcode 12(other). Therefore "sanitizing" is needed for turning
% everything but the space into catcode 12(other):
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjprephrase
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjpostphrase
\newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined[2]{%
  \endgroup
  \newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined{%
    \@ifundefined{prjindex}{%
      \expandafter\GetPrjindexCheckPattern\jobname$#1#2$&%
    }{}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexCheckPattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexCheckPattern##1#1##2#2##3$##4&{%
      \GetPrjindexPatternfork
      &##4&{\expandafter\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern\jobname$}%
      &#1#2$&{%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space cannot extract the\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space from \string\jobname's expansion.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      &&&&%
    }%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexPatternfork{%
    \def\GetPrjindexPatternfork##1&#1#2$&##2##3&&&&{##2}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern#1##1#2##2${%
      \ifx\relax##1\relax
        \expandafter\@firstoftwo
      \else
        \expandafter\@secondoftwo
      \fi
      {%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space is empty.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      {\newcommand*\prjindex{##1}}%
    }%
  }%
}%
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\prjprephrase\expandafter}%
\expandafter{\prjpostphrase}%
%%=====End of code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=====

\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined

\show\prjindex

\begin{document}
Some document
\end{document}

順便說一句：為了測試例程，我將上面的範例儲存為test.tex並編譯它，呼叫‑‑jobname具有不同值的 - 選項。

透過命令編譯，latex test.tex結果符合預期：

! Error on input line 80:
(\prjindex) \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined cannot extract the
(\prjindex) \prjindex from \jobname's expansion.
(\prjindex) (\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined is defined
(\prjindex)  somewhere in this document.)

Have a look at the comments in this document.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              

l.80 \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined

? 
> \prjindex=undefined.
l.82 \show\prjindex

這是預料之中的，因為在本例中\jobname擴展到了test不屬於模式的範圍。
Projekt_⟨#1⟩_⟨#2⟩

透過命令編譯，latex ‑‑jobname=Projekt_A_4 test.tex結果符合預期：

\prjindex=macro:
->A.
l.82 \show\prjindex

（當範例儲存為Projekt_A_4.tex並透過命令編譯時，您會得到相同的結果latex Projekt_A_4.tex。）

透過命令編譯，latex ‑‑jobname=Projekt_B_4 test.tex結果符合預期：

\prjindex=macro:
->B.
l.82 \show\prjindex

（當範例儲存為Projekt_B_4.tex並透過命令編譯時，您會得到相同的結果latex Projekt_B_4.tex。）

透過命令編譯，latex ‑‑jobname=Projekt_JohannGambolputty_12345 test.tex結果符合預期：

\prjindex=macro:
->JohannGambolputty.
l.82 \show\prjindex

（當範例儲存為Projekt_JohannGambolputty_12345.tex並透過命令編譯時，您會得到相同的結果latex Projekt_JohannGambolputty_12345.tex。）

順便一提：

有時我會按如下方式組織我的專案文件：

序.tex

% Check whether the \documentclass-command was already invoked.
% If so, increment \inputlevel and stop inputting.
% If not so, don't stop imputting and thus do all the
% preamble-stuff, inclusive defining \inputlevel:
\expandafter\ifx\csname @twoclasseserror\endcsname\documentclass
  \xdef\inputlevel{\number\numexpr\inputlevel+1\relax}%
  \expandafter\endinput
\fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
\documentclass{article}%
% 
\newcommand*\inputlevel{1}%
\global\let\inputlevel=\inputlevel
%
% Whatsoever preamble-commands, etc.
%
% Here you can also place the code for defining \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
% and then invoke it for defining \prjindex:
%
%%========Code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=========
\begingroup
\makeatletter
\def\prjprephrase{Projekt_}%
\def\prjpostphrase{_}%
% \jobname delivers everything but the space (which will be of catcode 10) 
% with catcode 12(other). Therefore "sanitizing" is needed for turning
% everything but the space into catcode 12(other):
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjprephrase
\@onelevel@sanitize\prjpostphrase
\newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined[2]{%
  \endgroup
  \newcommand\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined{%
    \@ifundefined{prjindex}{%
      \expandafter\GetPrjindexCheckPattern\jobname$#1#2$&%
    }{}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexCheckPattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexCheckPattern##1#1##2#2##3$##4&{%
      \GetPrjindexPatternfork
      &##4&{\expandafter\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern\jobname$}%
      &#1#2$&{%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space cannot extract the\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space from \string\jobname's expansion.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      &&&&%
    }%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexPatternfork{%
    \def\GetPrjindexPatternfork##1&#1#2$&##2##3&&&&{##2}%
  }%
  \@ifdefinable\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern{%
    \def\GetPrjindexExtractfrompattern#1##1#2##2${%
      \ifx\relax##1\relax
        \expandafter\@firstoftwo
      \else
        \expandafter\@secondoftwo
      \fi
      {%
        \GenericError{(\string\prjindex)\space}{%
          Error on input line \the \inputlineno:\MessageBreak
          \string\prjindex\space is empty.\MessageBreak
          (\string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space is defined\MessageBreak
           \space somewhere in this document.)\@gobble
        }{Have a look at the comments in this document.}%
        {%
          \string\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined\space can extract the \string\prjindex\MessageBreak
          from \string\jobname's expansion only in case \string\jobname's expansion is\MessageBreak
          of pattern\MessageBreak
          \@spaces #1\string####1#2\string####2\MessageBreak
          while \string####1 is not empty.\MessageBreak
          If this is the case, the expansion of \string\prjindex\space will be \string####1.\MessageBreak
          \string####1 will not contain underscores (\string_).\MessageBreak
          \string####2 can contain underscores.\MessageBreak
        }%
      }%
      {\newcommand*\prjindex{##1}}%
    }%
  }%
}%
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\prjprephrase\expandafter}%
\expandafter{\prjpostphrase}%
%%=====End of code for \GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined=====
% 
% This will define \prjindex depending on the expansion of \jobname
% while \jobname usually represents the name of the file used for
% initiating compilation:
%
% !!! I don't know whether, e.g., online-latex-plattforms like overleaf
% !!! invoke latex using the -jobname-option, which would lead to
% !!! the expansion of \jobname deviating from the name of the file
% !!! used for initiating compilation.
%
\GetPrjindexFromJobnameIfUndefined
%
% With subsequent preamble-commands you can, if you wish, fork depending on
% the expansion of \prjindex. But be aware that like \jobname \prjindex also
% holds only characters of catcode 12(other) and spaces of catcode 10(space).
% Therefore when storing a string in a temporary macro (this should, like
% \prjindex not be defined in terms of \long, which is the case with
% \def or \newcommand*) and \ifx-comparing that temporary macro to \prjindex,
% make sure that the definition of that temporary macro is "sanitized" by
% means of \@onelevel@sanitize before doing the \ifx-comparison.
%
%  \usepackage...
%  \usepackage...
%
\begin{document}%
\endinput
|
| Place whatsoever comments remarks and explanations and manuals you wish to place 
| here. They won't be processed because LaTeX ceases reading and processing this
| file when encountering \endinput.

後置碼.tex

\csname @\ifnum\inputlevel>1 second\else first\fi oftwo\endcsname
{%
  \end{document}%
}{%
  \xdef\inputlevel{\number\numexpr\inputlevel-1\relax}%
}%

項目_A_cp1.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_A\string_cp1.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp2.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

項目_A_cp2.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_A\string_cp2.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp3.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

項目_A_cp3.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_A\string_cp3.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}.\par
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

項目_B_cp1.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_B\string_cp1.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp1.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp2.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

項目_B_cp2.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_B\string_cp2.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex}.\par
The file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp2.tex} invokes the file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}:\par
\input{Projekt_\prjindex_cp3.tex}%
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

項目_B_cp3.tex

%----------------------
\input{Preamble.tex}%
%----------------------
This is file \texttt{Projekt\string_B\string_cp3.tex}\par
This is the text in file \texttt{Projekt\string_\prjindex\string_cp3.tex}.\par
%----------------------
\input{Postamble.tex}%
%----------------------

這樣，每個檔案Projekt_A_cp1.tex、Projekt_A_cp2.tex、Projekt_A_cp3.tex 各自的每個檔案Projekt_B_cp1.tex、Projekt_B_cp2.tex、Projekt_B_cp3.tex 既可以用於「獨立」編譯，也可以透過同一專案的另一個檔案呼叫\input或透過\include同一專案的另一個檔案呼叫。

Preamble.tex可以包含根據的含義進行分叉的程式碼\prjindex，因此對於同一前導文件中的不同項目可以以不同的方式處理事情。

Answer