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如何在 LaTeX 中繪製有角度的線條來建立書法規則範本？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf color line-spacing coordinates tikz-angles
如何在 LaTeX 中繪製有角度的線條來建立書法規則範本？

我正在嘗試創建一個書法寫作範本。我希望它看起來像下面的圖片，但沒有邊距，也沒有標題（A4 紙）。我想要三種類型的線條：

  1. 水平線每隔1公分交替，深黑色。
  2. 水平線每隔 0.5 公分交替，淺灰色。它們基本上位於 1 厘米黑色線之間。

  3. 每 1 公分交替出現 55 度角線，紅色。如果該角度是一個變量，那就太好了，這樣我以後可以根據需要更改它。

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這是我到目前為止能夠做的，但是由於我是基於直角坐標系繪製線條，所以我不知道如何將傾斜線的角度調整為 55 度。我基本上只需要解決這個問題；否則，我對我的結果感到滿意。

\documentclass[letterpaper]{article} %不包含「草稿」以渲染圖片
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{計算}
\usepackage{逐字}

\開始{文件}
\pagestyle{空}

\begin{tikzpicture}[記住圖片，疊加]

\foreach \i in {1,2,3,...,30}{
    \draw[black] ($(目前頁.西北)+(0,-\i)$) -- ($(目前頁.東北)+(0,-\i)$);}

\foreach \i in {0.5,1.5,2.5,...,60}{
    \draw[lightgray] ($(當前頁.西北)+(0,-\i)$) -- ($(當前頁.東北)+(0,-\i)$);}

\foreach \i in {1,2,3,...,60}{
    \draw[red] ($(目前頁.西南)+(0,-\i)$) -- ($(目前頁.東北)+(0,-\i)$);}

\foreach \i in {0,1,2,3,...,60}{
    \draw[red] ($(目前頁.西南)+(0,+\i)$) -- ($(目前頁.東北)+(0,+\i)$);}

\結束{tikz圖片}

\結束{文件}


這是我的輸出。


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答案1

您可以使用極座標，例如(55:100cm)。在下面的程式碼中，我根據所選角度和兩條連續斜線之間的\myAngle距離計算要繪製的斜線的精確數量。\myDist我的程式碼還計算這些行所需的最大長度。

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\pagestyle{empty}

\newcommand*{\myDist}{1cm} % distance between consecutive oblique lines
\newcommand*{\myAngle}{55} % angle of said lines wrt horizontal, in degrees
% Distance between consecutive oblique lines, projected on the horizontal axis
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\horizIntervWidth}{\myDist/sin(\myAngle)}

% Length of the longest oblique lines we'll need. I add 10pt to be 100% safe
% with respect to rounding errors (the lines will be clipped anyway).
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\maxLength}{10pt + \paperheight/sin(\myAngle)}

% Number of oblique lines to draw
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\maxIndex}{
  round((\paperheight/tan(\myAngle) + \paperwidth)/\horizIntervWidth)}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
% Just to be sure we don't paint outside the page. :-)
\clip (current page.south west) rectangle (current page.north east);

\foreach \i in {1,2,...,30} {
  \draw[black] ($(current page.north west)+(0,-\i)$) --
               ($(current page.north east)+(0,-\i)$);
}

\foreach \i in {0.5,1.5,...,60} {
  \draw[lightgray] ($(current page.north west)+(0,-\i)$) --
                   ($(current page.north east)+(0,-\i)$);
}

\foreach \i in {1,2,...,\maxIndex} {
  \draw[red] ([xshift=-\i*\horizIntervWidth]current page.south east) --
            +(\myAngle:\maxLength);
}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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答案2

這確實不是回答您的特定問題，但可以適應您與許多其他內建選項的draw=none使用。Vertical Line StyleVertical Line Style Alternate

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筆記：

  • 線條分為三種不同類型：水平線、垂直線和水平傾斜線。
  • 傾斜角度可透過 進行設定\SlantAngle。
  • 每種線條樣式都有一個套\tikzset用於每 n 條線條的備用樣式，並且每種線條樣式都有兩種與之關聯的線條樣式：主樣式和備用線條樣式。
  • 邊框是可選的，可以透過設定、\MarginTop和\MarginBottom來停用。\MarginLeft\MarginRight0.0cm

代碼：

%% Calligraphy Guide Lines
%% Peter Grill
%%
%% ---------------------- Note: May need to run this twice ---------------------
%%
%% --------------------------------------------------- Select Lines 
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Horizontal Lines
\def\VerticalSkip{1.0cm}%               0.10cm through 2cm
\def\UseAltStyleEveryNthHorizontalLine{2}%

%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Slant Lines
\def\HorizontalSlantSkip{1.0cm}%    
\def\SlantAngle{55}%                    Degrees >30, < 60
\def\UseAltStyleEveryNthSlantLine{4}%

%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Lines
\def\HorizontalSkip{2.66625cm}%     
\def\UseAltStyleEveryNthVerticalLine{5}%


%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Select Margins
\def\MarginTop{0.25cm}
\def\MarginBottom{0.25cm}
\def\MarginLeft{0.25cm} 
\def\MarginRight{0.25cm} 
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Select Paper 
\def\Paper{a4paper}%        letter | a4paper | a5paper, ....
\def\Orientation{portrait}%% portrait | landscape
%% -----------------------
\documentclass[\Paper, \Orientation]{article}% Version 1.1


\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{xstring}

\pagestyle{empty}

%% Select the line style. I prefer using the second one here and using the output underneath
%% the actual paper as guide lines. The first is better if you want to actually write on 
%% top of the guide lines
%%
%% Few other options that can be applied here (last applied options override earlier ones).
%%     solid
%%     dotted,          densely dotted,     loosely dotted,
%%     dashed,          densely dashed,     loosely dashed,
%%     dash dot dot,    densely dash dot dot,   loosely dash dot dot,
%%     loosely dashed,
%%
%% Custom line styles can be defined also be specifying the on/off patter:
%%     dash pattern=on 2pt off 3pt on 4pt off 4pt
%%
%% To disable ANY lines use the draw=none as the last style.

%\tikzset{Line Style/.style={line width=1pt, densely dotted, gray, draw opacity=0.1}}
\tikzset{Line Style/.style={
    line width=0.2pt, 
    solid, 
    gray, 
    draw opacity=0.5
 }}

\tikzset{Horizontal Line Style/.style={
    Line Style, 
    solid,
 }}
\tikzset{Horizontal Line Style Alternate/.style={
    Line Style, 
    line width=0.2pt, 
    dashed, 
    draw opacity=1.0, 
}}

\tikzset{Slant Line Style/.style={
    Line Style
}}
\tikzset{Slant Line Style Alternate/.style={
    Line Style, 
    line width=0.2pt, 
    solid, 
    draw opacity=1.0, 
    red
}}


\tikzset{Vertical Line Style/.style={Line Style, line width=0.1pt}}
\tikzset{Vertical Line Style Alternate/.style={Line Style, line width=0.1pt}}


\tikzset{Border Line Style/.style={Line Style, thin}}


\newlength{\DeltaY}
\newlength{\TempLength}

\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxHorizontalLines}{\paperheight/\VerticalSkip}

\pgfmathsetmacro{\TanSlantAngle}{tan(\SlantAngle)}
\pgfmathsetlength{\DeltaY}{\HorizontalSlantSkip*\TanSlantAngle}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxSlantLinesX}{\paperwidth/\HorizontalSlantSkip}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxSlantLinesY}{\paperheight/\DeltaY}

\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxVerticalLines}{\paperwidth/\HorizontalSkip}

\newcommand*{\SetLineStyle}[4]{% 
    %% #1 = style name to set
    %% #2 = default line style
    %% #3 = line number
    %% #4 = which lines get the alternate line style
   \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Remainder}{mod(#3,#4)}%
   \ifnum\Remainder=0\relax
       \tikzset{#1/.style={#2 Alternate}}%
   \else
       \tikzset{#1/.style={#2}}%
   \fi
}%

\begin{document}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    remember picture, 
    overlay, 
    shift=(current page.south west),% So that (0,0) is south west of paper
]
   %% Clip to create the border
   \clip (\MarginLeft,\MarginBottom) rectangle 
         (\paperwidth-\MarginRight,\paperheight-\MarginTop);

   \foreach \y in {1,...,\MaxHorizontalLines} {% Horizontal guide lines
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Horizontal Line Style}{Horizontal Line Style}
           {\y}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthHorizontalLine}

       \begin{scope}[yshift=-\MarginTop]
           \draw[This Horizontal Line Style] 
               (0pt,\paperheight-\y*\VerticalSkip) -- (\paperwidth,\paperheight-\y*\VerticalSkip) 
           ;
       \end{scope}
   }

   \foreach \x in {1,...,\MaxVerticalLines} {% Vertical guide lines
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Vertical Line Style}{Vertical Line Style}
           {\x}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthVerticalLine}

       \begin{scope}[xshift=\MarginLeft]
           \draw[This Vertical Line Style] 
               (\x*\HorizontalSkip,0pt) -- (\x*\HorizontalSkip,\paperheight) 
           ;
       \end{scope}
   }

   \pgfmathsetlength{\TempLength}{\paperwidth*\TanSlantAngle}
   \foreach \x in {0,...,\MaxSlantLinesX} {% Slant Lines starting along bottom of page
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Slant Line Style}{Slant Line Style}
           {\x}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthSlantLine}

       \draw[This Slant Line Style] 
           (\x*\HorizontalSlantSkip,0pt) -- ++(\paperwidth,\TempLength)
       ;
   }

   \foreach \y in {1,...,\MaxSlantLinesY} {% Slant Lines starting along left of page
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Slant Line Style}{Slant Line Style}
           {\y}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthSlantLine}

       \draw[This Slant Line Style] 
           (0pt,\y*\DeltaY) -- ++(\paperwidth,\TempLength)
       ;
   }

   %% Draw border
   \draw [Border Line Style]
         (\MarginLeft,\MarginBottom) rectangle 
         (\paperwidth-\MarginRight,\paperheight-\MarginTop);
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{document}

答案3

另一種解決方案沒有calc.

\documentclass[a4paper]{article} %do not include "draft" in order to render pictures
\usepackage{tikz}
%\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepackage{verbatim}

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]

\foreach \i in {1,2,3,...,30}{
    \draw[black] ([yshift=-\i cm]current page.north west) -- ++(0:\paperwidth);}

\foreach \i in {0.5,1.5,2.5,...,60}{
    \draw[lightgray] ([yshift=-\i cm]current page.north west) -- ++(0:\paperwidth);}

\foreach \i in {1,2,3,...,60}{
    \draw[red] ([xshift=\i cm]current page.north west) -- ++(235:2*\paperheight);}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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答案4

這是一個努力梅塔普斯特包裹在luamplib.您可以使用 來編譯它lualatex。

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
    numeric r, u, v;
    r = 55; % angle of lines (to horizontal)
    u = 1cm; % horizontal spacing
    v = 5mm; % vertical spacing

    color base, mid, slant;
    base = 1/4 white;
    mid = 3/4 white;
    slant = 3/4[red, white];

    drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1/4);
    for x = -60 upto 60:  
        draw (left--right) scaled 80cm rotated r shifted (x * u, 0) withcolor slant;
    endfor
    for y = -30 upto 30:
        draw (left--right) scaled 20cm shifted (0, y * 5mm) withcolor if odd y: mid else: base fi;
    endfor
    clip currentpicture to unitsquare shifted -(1/2, 1/2) xscaled 200mm yscaled 280mm;
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

這會產生一個像這樣的頁面：

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