如何使用 pgfplots 繪製精美的「代理」圖例線？

Question

我在軸上繪製了幾條曲線，但其中一條是用“花式”線繪製的圓（我只是用稍細的白色虛線覆蓋了一條粗的黑色曲線）。有沒有辦法可以偽造一個圖例條目來配對？

我查看了 pgfplots 手冊，我看到了\addlegendimage，\addlegendentry但除了一條基本的簡單線之外，我想不出如何使用它：

\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{sansmath}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
% pgfplots package manual at https://ctan.org/pkg/pgfplots?lang=en
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    axis equal,
    width=10cm, height=6cm,
    font=\sffamily,
    ticklabel style = {font=\sansmath\sffamily},
    xmin=-0.7,xmax=0, xlabel={$x$}, xtick={-1,-0.9,...,0}, minor xtick={-1,-0.95,...,0}, 
    ymin=0.7,ymax=1.0, ylabel={$y$}, ytick={0, 0.1,...,1}, minor ytick={0, 0.05,...,1},
    samples=500,domain=-1:0,
    grid=both,
    legend pos = south east,
    legend cell align = left,
    title={\large shapes on axis}]
        
  % I want to add a legend saying "circle"
  \draw [black, line width = 0.7mm] (0,0) circle [radius=1.0];
  \draw [white, line width = 0.5mm, dash pattern = on 5pt off 5pt] (0,0) circle [radius=1.0];
  \addlegendimage{black, line width=0.7mm};
  
  \addplot[blue, line width = 0.3mm]({x}, {1-0.5*x*x} ); 
  
  
  % I want to add a legend saying "line"
  \draw [green!50!black, line width=0.3mm] (-0.6,1) -- (-0.4,0.95);
  \addlegendimage{green!50!black, line width=0.3mm};
  
  \legend {circle, quadratic curve, line};
  

\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

如何使圓形圖例具有相同的線條圖案？

Answer 1

使用選項postaction（或preaction），可以將兩個\draws 合併為一個。這兩個選項記錄在pgfmanual、 秒。 15.10在路徑上執行多個操作在 v3.1.5b 中。

如同這個答案，使用的範例是（注意中使用的postaction選項）drawpostactions={...}

\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \draw
      [postaction={draw, white, dash pattern=on 4pt off 4pt, dash phase=4pt, thick}]
      [black, ultra thick] 
      (0,0) rectangle (3,2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

透過將所有選項包裝在新樣式中double colors，您的範例可以透過以下方式繪製（注意dash phase=-4pt添加到\addlegendimage[...]）

\documentclass[tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{sansmath}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}

\tikzset{
  double colors/.style={
    postaction={draw, white, line width = 0.5mm, dash pattern = on 5pt off 5pt},
    black, line width = 0.7mm
  }
}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    axis equal,
    width=10cm, height=6cm,
    font=\sffamily,
    ticklabel style = {font=\sansmath\sffamily},
    xmin=-0.7,xmax=0, xlabel={$x$}, xtick={-1,-0.9,...,0}, minor xtick={-1,-0.95,...,0}, 
    ymin=0.7,ymax=1.0, ylabel={$y$}, ytick={0, 0.1,...,1}, minor ytick={0, 0.05,...,1},
    samples=500,domain=-1:0,
    grid=both,
    legend pos = south east,
    legend cell align = left,
    title={\large shapes on axis}]
        
  % I want to add a legend saying "circle"
  \draw [double colors] (0,0) circle [radius=1.0];
  \addlegendimage{double colors, dash phase=-4pt, line width=0.7mm};
  
  \addplot[blue, line width = 0.3mm]({x}, {1-0.5*x*x} ); 
  
  % I want to add a legend saying "line"
  \draw [green!50!black, line width=0.3mm] (-0.6,1) -- (-0.4,0.95);
  \addlegendimage{green!50!black, line width=0.3mm};
  
  \legend {circle, quadratic curve, line};
  
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}