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“旭日圖 - 也稱為環形圖、多級餅圖和徑向樹圖 - 通常用於可視化分層資料結構。”

我所尋找的並不完全是上面的內容，而是它的概括。

我想為一篇論文創建一個簡單的情節。

它應該是向量圖形並且易於創建。

如果可能的話，我想在組件內添加文字。

這裡至少有兩個選擇（見下文）。如果你明白我的意思，也許也可以將其表達為某種「漩渦」...

如果我可以強調組件的重疊，即通過具有重疊的爆炸餅圖，那就太好了。

在此輸入影像描述

答案1

我想這可以稱為環形圖，就像圓形譜系圖一樣，它是從哪個項目產生的。這應該可以幫助您開始。封閉環境是onion並且接受一個參數，即環的厚度（星形導致繪製 xy 軸）。此\annulus巨集採用三個強制參數：層號（最內層為 0）、起始角度和結束角度，角度以逆時針方向指定。開頭還有一個可選參數用於填充顏色，末尾有一個可選參數用於文字。完整的命令可能如下所示：

\annulus[purple!20]{2}{165}{325}[more\\stuff]（請參閱下面的程式碼）。

這裡沒什麼複雜的。鈦kZarc函數完成大部分工作。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{tikz}


\usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\newlength{\layerwd}
\newcounter{outermost}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\NewDocumentEnvironment{onion}{sm}{%*= draw axes; #1: thickness of each annulus
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \setlength{\layerwd}{#2}%
        \setcounter{outermost}{0}
        \IfBooleanT{#1}{%
            \draw[<->] (-4,0) -- (4,0);
            \draw[<->] (0,4) -- (0,-4);
        }
}{%
    \foreach \A in {0,...,\theoutermost}{\draw[thick] (0,0) circle (\A*\layerwd+\layerwd);}
    \end{tikzpicture}
}

% *=unused; [optional fill color]; #3 layer; #4 start angle; #5 stop angle; #6 [optional text]
%% angles are counterclockwise in degrees
\NewDocumentCommand{\annulus}{sO{lightgray}mmmo}{%
    \filldraw[thick,fill=#2] (#4:#3*\layerwd) %% start here
        arc [radius=#3*\layerwd, start angle=#4, delta angle=#5-#4] %% inner arc
        -- (#5:#3*\layerwd+\layerwd) %% move out
        arc [radius=#3*\layerwd+\layerwd, start angle=#5, delta angle=#4-#5] %% outer arc
        -- cycle; %% Back to the beginnning
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\tmp}{(#5-#4)/2 +#4} %% Locate the middle of the arc
    \IfNoValueF{#6}{\node[inner sep=0pt, %%% If there is text, print it
        text width=#3*\layerwd*3+\layerwd,
        align=center,
        rotate=\tmp-90,
        font=\footnotesize] at (\tmp:#3*\layerwd+0.5*\layerwd)
        {#6}; %% Options text, rotated, in the middle of the arc
    }%
    \ifnum\theoutermost<#3\setcounter{outermost}{#3}\fi
}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\begin{document}

\begin{onion}*{0.25in}
    \annulus{0}{0}{90}[1]
    \annulus{0}{90}{180}[2]
    \annulus{0}{180}{270}[3]
    \annulus{0}{270}{360}[4]
    \annulus[yellow]{1}{0}{120}[Y]
    \annulus[red!20]{4}{0}{90}
    \annulus[blue!30]{3}{60}{180}
    \annulus[cyan!20]{2}{45}{130}
    \annulus[purple!20]{2}{165}{325}[more\\stuff]
\end{onion}

\end{document}

環形圖

更新

創建環形圖表而不利用 Ti 似乎很奇怪kZ 將文字放置在路徑上的能力。唯一的變化是\annulus巨集可以採用可選值*將可選文字放置在圓形路徑上。請注意，路徑上的文字不能有換行符號；\\會導致 TeX 掛起——我已經在有限的程度上防範了這種可能性。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{tikz}


\usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations, decorations.text}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\newlength{\layerwd}
\newcounter{outermost}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\NewDocumentEnvironment{onion}{sm}{%*= draw axes; #1: thickness of each annulus
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \setlength{\layerwd}{#2}%
        \setcounter{outermost}{0}
        \IfBooleanT{#1}{%
            \draw[<->] (-4,0) -- (4,0);
            \draw[<->] (0,4) -- (0,-4);
        }
}{%
    \foreach \A in {0,...,\theoutermost}{\draw[thick] (0,0) circle (\A*\layerwd+\layerwd);}
    \end{tikzpicture}
}

% *=text on a circular path; [optional fill color]; #3 layer;
% #4 start angle; #5 stop angle; #6 [optional text]
%% angles are counterclockwise in degrees
\NewDocumentCommand{\annulus}{sO{lightgray}mmmo}{%
    \filldraw[thick,fill=#2] (#4:#3*\layerwd) %% start here
        arc [radius=#3*\layerwd, start angle=#4, delta angle=#5-#4] %% inner arc
        -- (#5:#3*\layerwd+\layerwd) %% move out
        arc [radius=#3*\layerwd+\layerwd, start angle=#5, delta angle=#4-#5] %% outer arc
        -- cycle; %% Back to the beginnning
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\tmp}{(#5-#4)/2 +#4} %% Locate the middle of the arc
    \IfNoValueF{#6}{%
        \IfBooleanTF{#1}
        {%
            \begingroup
                \def\\{\space} %% A safety precaution, \\ = space on decorated text
                \path[rotate=\tmp-180,postaction={
                    decorate,
                    decoration={
                        text along path,
                        raise=-3pt,
                        text align={align=center},
                        reverse path=true,
                        text=#6
                    }
                }] (0,0) circle (#3*\layerwd+0.5*\layerwd);
            \endgroup
        }%% 
        {%
            \node[inner sep=0pt, %%% If there is text, print it
            text width=#3*\layerwd*3+\layerwd,
            align=center,
            rotate=\tmp-90,
            font=\footnotesize] at (\tmp:#3*\layerwd+0.5*\layerwd)
            {#6};
        }%
    }%
    \ifnum\theoutermost<#3\setcounter{outermost}{#3}\fi
}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\begin{document}

\begin{onion}*{0.25in}
    \annulus{0}{0}{90}[1]
    \annulus{0}{90}{180}[2]
    \annulus{0}{180}{270}[3]
    \annulus{0}{270}{360}[4]
    \annulus*[yellow]{1}{0}{120}[Y is yellow]
    \annulus*[red!20]{4}{0}{90}[This is a bunch of bla bla]
    \annulus*[blue!30]{3}{60}{180}[This is some longer text]
    \annulus[cyan!20]{2}{45}{130}
    \annulus[purple!20]{2}{165}{325}[more\\stuff]
\end{onion}

\end{document}

路徑上帶有文字的環形圖

更新2

進行了一個小更改，確保圖表下半部分的文字正面朝上。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{tikz}


\usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations, decorations.text}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\newlength{\layerwd}
\newcounter{outermost}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\NewDocumentEnvironment{onion}{sm}{%*= draw axes; #1: thickness of each annulus
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \setlength{\layerwd}{#2}%
        \setcounter{outermost}{0}
        \IfBooleanT{#1}{%
            \draw[<->] (-4,0) -- (4,0);
            \draw[<->] (0,4) -- (0,-4);
        }%
}{%
    \foreach \A in {0,...,\theoutermost}{\draw[thick] (0,0) circle (\A*\layerwd+\layerwd);}
    \end{tikzpicture}
}

% *=text on a circular path; [optional fill color]; #3 layer;
% #4 start angle; #5 stop angle; #6 [optional text]
%% angles are counterclockwise in degrees
\NewDocumentCommand{\annulus}{sO{lightgray}mmmo}{%
    \filldraw[thick,fill=#2] (#4:#3*\layerwd) %% start here
        arc [radius=#3*\layerwd, start angle=#4, delta angle=#5-#4] %% inner arc
        -- (#5:#3*\layerwd+\layerwd) %% move out
        arc [radius=#3*\layerwd+\layerwd, start angle=#5, delta angle=#4-#5] %% outer arc
        -- cycle; %% Back to the beginnning
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\tmp}{(#5-#4)/2 +#4} %% Locate the middle of the arc
    \IfNoValueF{#6}{%
        \IfBooleanTF{#1}
        {%
            \begingroup
                %% text is always rightside-up:
                \pgfmathsetmacro{\rpTF}{ifthenelse(\tmp>180,"false","true")}
                \def\\{\space} %% A safety precaution, \\ = space on decorated text
                \path[rotate=\tmp-180,postaction={
                    decorate,
                    decoration={
                        text along path,
                        raise=-3pt,
                        text align={align=center},
                        reverse path=\rpTF,
                        text=#6
                    }
                }] (0,0) circle (#3*\layerwd+0.5*\layerwd);
            \endgroup
        }%% 
        {%
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\rpTF}{ifthenelse(\tmp>180,\tmp+90,\tmp-90)}
            \node[inner sep=0pt, %%% If there is text, print it
            text width=#3*\layerwd*3+\layerwd,
            align=center,
            rotate=\rpTF,
            font=\footnotesize] at (\tmp:#3*\layerwd+0.5*\layerwd)
            {#6};
        }%
    }%
    \ifnum\theoutermost<#3\setcounter{outermost}{#3}\fi
}

%% |=====8><-----| %%

\begin{document}

\begin{onion}*{0.3in}
    \annulus{0}{0}{90}[1]
    \annulus{0}{90}{180}[2]
    \annulus{0}{180}{270}[3]
    \annulus{0}{270}{360}[4]
    \annulus*[yellow]{1}{0}{120}[Y is yellow]
    \annulus*[red!20]{4}{0}{135}[This is a bunch of bla bla]
    \annulus*[blue!30]{3}{60}{180}[This is some longer text]
    \annulus[cyan!20]{2}{45}{130}
    \annulus[white]{3}{225}{315}[Line 1\\Line 2]
    \annulus*[purple!20]{2}{165}{325}[more\\stuff]
\end{onion}

\end{document}

修正環形圖

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