
我正在為正態分佈和學生 T 分佈繪製各種圖片。下面顯示的是一個簡單圖片的 MWE,顯示了兩種分佈。我直接使用學生 T 計算畫一條垂直線,一切都很好。我將相同的計算放入 pgfmathsetmacro 中,但它失敗並顯示“!維度太大。”
在我的實際應用中,rgtCH 的值在多個地方使用。計算需要TeX一段時間,所以我試著讓它計算一次並將結果放入變數中以供重用,而不是每次都重新計算。在我的實際應用中,這都是大量的參數化。為了讓 MWE 盡可能簡單,我刪除了盡可能多的參數化。我承認我是 pgf 的新手,所以如果有人可以幫助我理解我做錯了什麼,我將不勝感激。
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\pgfplotsset{DistAxis/.style={%
no markers,
domain=-4:4, % Only display z values between -4 and 4.
samples=100,
xlabel=\textbf{t},
every axis x label/.style={at={(axis description cs:1.0, 0.0)}, anchor=west},
height=5cm, width=12cm,
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
enlargelimits=false,
clip=false,
axis on top=true,
hide y axis,
axis x line*=middle,
axis line style ={thick,latex-latex}}
}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{std_norm}{1}{%
\pgfmathparse{1/(sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((#1)^2)/(2))}%
}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gamma}{1}{%
\pgfmathparse{2.506628274631*sqrt(1/#1) + 0.20888568*(1/#1)^(1.5) + %
0.00870357*(1/#1)^(2.5) - (174.2106599*(1/#1)^(3.5))/25920 - %
(715.6423511*(1/#1)^(4.5))/1244160)*exp((-ln(1/#1)-1)*#1}%
}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{std_stud}{2}{%
\pgfmathparse{gamma(.5*(#1+1))/(sqrt(#1*pi)*gamma(.5*#1))*((1+(#2*#2)/#1)^(-.5*(#1+1)))}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]
\begin{axis}[DistAxis]
% If you comment the first and uncomment the second, this fails to compile. Why?
\pgfmathsetmacro{\rgtCH}{ 0.075+std_norm(1.0))};
% \pgfmathsetmacro{\rgtCH}{ 0.075+std_stud(9, 1.0))};
\draw [thick,magenta,dashed] (axis cs:1.0, -0.02) -- (axis cs:1.0, {0.075+std_stud(9,1.0)});
\draw [thick,magenta,dashed] (axis cs:1.0, -0.02) -- (axis cs:1.0, {\rgtCH});
\addplot [very thick,blue] {std_norm(x)};
\addplot [very thick,red] {std_stud(9,x)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
下圖顯示常態分佈和學生 T 分佈計算均有效。
答案1
預設情況下,in\pgfmathsetmacro
fpu
處於關閉狀態。如果將其打開,dimension too large
錯誤就會消失。
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
\pgfplotsset{DistAxis/.style={%
no markers,
domain=-4:4, % Only display z values between -4 and 4.
samples=100,
xlabel=\textbf{t},
every axis x label/.style={at={(axis description cs:1.0, 0.0)}, anchor=west},
height=5cm, width=12cm,
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
enlargelimits=false,
clip=false,
axis on top=true,
hide y axis,
axis x line*=middle,
axis line style ={thick,latex-latex}}
}
\newcommand{\pgfmathparseFPU}[1]{\begingroup%
\pgfkeys{/pgf/fpu,/pgf/fpu/output format=fixed}%
\pgfmathparse{#1}%
\pgfmathsmuggle\pgfmathresult\endgroup}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{std_norm}{1}{%
\pgfmathparseFPU{1/(sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((#1)^2)/(2))}%
}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gamma}{1}{%
\pgfmathparseFPU{2.506628274631*sqrt(1/#1) + 0.20888568*(1/#1)^(1.5) + %
0.00870357*(1/#1)^(2.5) - (174.2106599*(1/#1)^(3.5))/25920 - %
(715.6423511*(1/#1)^(4.5))/1244160)*exp((-ln(1/#1)-1)*#1}%
}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{std_stud}{2}{%
\pgfmathparseFPU{gamma(.5*(#1+1))/(sqrt(#1*pi)*gamma(.5*#1))*((1+(#2*#2)/#1)^(-.5*(#1+1)))}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]
\begin{axis}[DistAxis]
% If you comment the first and uncomment the second, this fails to compile. Why?
\pgfmathsetmacro{\rgtCH}{ 0.075+std_norm(1.0))};
\pgfmathsetmacro{\rgtCH}{ 0.075+std_stud(9, 1.0))};
\draw [thick,magenta,dashed] (axis cs:1.0, -0.02) -- (axis cs:1.0, {0.075+std_stud(9,1.0)});
\draw [thick,magenta,dashed] (axis cs:1.0, -0.02) -- (axis cs:1.0, {\rgtCH});
\addplot [very thick,blue] {std_norm(x)};
\addplot [very thick,red] {std_stud(9,x)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}