我想用tikz來畫我上傳的圖片。我無法指示角度並創建類似於圖片的東西。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\fill[black!50] (2.5,1) ellipse (1 and 0.5);
%\fill[black!50][rotate=-30] (-2.5,1) ellipse (1.5 and 0.5);
\fill[black!50] (-2.5,1) ellipse (1 and 0.5);
\fill[black!50] (2.5,-1) ellipse (1 and 0.5);
\fill[black!50] (-2.5,-1) ellipse (1 and 0.5);
\fill[black!50] (-0,-0) ellipse (1.5 and 0.5);
\draw[black, ultra thick] (1.,.4) -- (2.5,1);
\draw[black, ultra thick] (-1.,.4) -- (-2.5,1);
\draw[black, ultra thick] (1.,-.4) -- (2.5,-1);
\draw[black, ultra thick] (-1.,-.4) -- (-2.5,-1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
3d
TikZ 可能不是 3D 圖表的最佳工具,但它以和庫的形式提供支援perspective
。
此外,還有tikz-3dplot
和tikz-3dtools
。
我不確定你的藍色座標係是如何運作的以及它在世界上的位置。藍色y軸是相對於主紅色虛線軸定義的,這使得在它們之間繪製弧線變得容易。該angles
圖書館僅在帆布座標系(帶有單位的座標系)始終為 2d。
程式碼
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
%\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{3d, arrows.meta, calc, quotes}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
x = ( 20:-2cm), y = (-30: 2cm), z = ( 80: 1.6cm),
> = Triangle]
\draw coordinate (O) (0,0,-.05) ellipse [radius=.2];
\foreach \xy/\yx in {x/y, y/x} {
\fill[white] (xyz cs: \xy = -1, \yx = -.05) -- (xyz cs: \xy = 1, \yx=-.05)
-- (xyz cs: \xy = 1, \yx = .05) -- (xyz cs: \xy = -1, \yx= .05) -- cycle;
\foreach \lmr in {-.05, 0, .05}
\draw[gray] (xyz cs: \xy=-1, \yx = \lmr) -- (xyz cs: \xy=1, \yx=\lmr);
\draw[fill=white, radius=.15] (xyz cs: \xy = -1) ellipse[]
(xyz cs: \xy = 1) ellipse[];
}
\draw[fill=white] (O) ellipse [radius=.2];
\foreach \xyz/\Label/\Ang in {% \Ang needs to start with a ,
x/left/ {, longitude = 70},
y/right/{, longitude =-20},
z/above/{, longitude = 70, latitude=70}%
} {
\draw[->, densely dashed, red] (0, 0, 0) -- ++(xyz cs: \xyz= 1.5)
coordinate (ax-\xyz) node[\Label] {$\xyz$};
\draw[blue, ->]
(0, 0, 0) -- (xyz spherical cs: radius = 1.5,/tikz/style/.expanded=\Ang)
coordinate (ax-\xyz') node[\Label] {$\xyz$};
}
\draw[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
(0, 1) arc[start angle=90, delta angle=20, radius=1]
node[midway, below right] {$\varphi$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}