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如何使用 TikZ 建立互動式圖表

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如何使用 TikZ 建立互動式圖表

我正在嘗試創建一個互動的圖表，很像 EPUB 中使用的圖表去書店:

Go Books 圖 - 初始位置

Go Books 圖 - 第 1 步

我所說的「互動」是指使用者控制事件何時被觸發。例如，動畫並不是我所說的互動性，因為無論使用者做什麼，它們都會發生。 （當然，在每個動作之間，我們可以有一個動畫。）

坦白說，我不知道 TikZ 是否可以做到這一點。是嗎？也許有一種方法可以將 HTML 和 JS 注入 TikZ 中？

這是一個包含 3 步棋的圍棋棋盤的最小示例，其想法是讓 TikZ 添加某種用於來回移動的 UI，然後相應地顯示每個棋步 — 不需要播放按鈕 —：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}

\newlength{\step}

\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \setlength{\step}{\dimexpr 10cm / 18 \relax}

    \draw[step=\step] (0, 0) grid (10, 10);

    \draw[draw = white, fill = black, line width = 0.1mm]
      (2 * 10cm / 18, 3 * 10cm / 18)
      circle [radius = 0.2575cm]
      node[color = white] {1};
    \draw[draw = black, fill = white, line width = 0.1mm]
      (3 * 10cm / 18, 3 * 10cm / 18)
      circle [radius = 0.2575cm]
      node[color = black] {2};
    \draw[draw = white, fill = black, line width = 0.1mm]
      (4 * 10cm / 18, 3 * 10cm / 18)
      circle [radius = 0.2575cm]
      node[color = white] {3};
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

學分也應該去亞歷克斯G。感謝他提供的很棒的animate包裹。而這個\playgo命令也是來自於他的這個想法郵政（\uncover命令）。

animateinline這是一個使用from package 的範例animate。它可以在 Adob​​e Reader 和 Foxit Reader 中運行（它似乎不適用於 VS Code 的 PDF 檢視器）：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}

\newlength{\step}
\setlength{\step}{\dimexpr 10cm / 18 \relax}

\newcommand\playgo[3]{\ifnum#1<#2\phantom{#3}\else#3\fi}

\begin{document}
  \begin{animateinline}[step,controls=step]{1}
    \multiframe{4}{i=0+1}{
      \begin{tikzpicture}[x=\step,y=\step]
        %create the board 
        \draw[step=1] (0, 0) grid (18, 18);

        %setup black
        \foreach \bloc in {{2,4},{3,4},{4,4},{5,4},{6,5},{7,6}}{
          \filldraw[line width = 0.1mm] (\bloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
        }

        %setup white
        \foreach \wloc in {{2,6},{3,6},{4,6},{5,6},{6,6},{7,7}}{
          \filldraw[fill=white,line width = 0.1mm] (\wloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
        }

        %play the go-game start from black
        \foreach \stepnum/\loc in {1/{8,7},2/{8,8},3/{9,8}}{
          \playgo{\i}{\stepnum}{\filldraw[fill={\ifodd\stepnum black\else white\fi},line width = 0.1mm] (\loc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm] node [color = \ifodd\stepnum white\else black\fi] {\stepnum};}
        }
      \end{tikzpicture}
    }
  \end{animateinline}
\end{document}

一步一步的動畫

這個動畫是這樣控制的：

動畫控制

更新：新增顯示的進度條和精美的顏色。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}

\newlength{\step}
\setlength{\step}{\dimexpr 10cm / 18 \relax}

\newcommand\playgo[3]{\ifnum#1<#2\phantom{#3}\else#3\fi}
\newcounter{totalsteps}
\setcounter{totalsteps}{3}

\begin{document}
{\centering
  \begin{animateinline}[step,controls=step]{1}
    \multiframe{\numexpr\value{totalsteps}+1}{i=0+1}{
      \begin{tikzpicture}[x=\step,y=\step]
        %create the board 
        \fill [brown!30] (-0.5,-0.5) rectangle (18.5,18.5);
        \draw[step=1] (0, 0) grid (18, 18);
        \draw [line width=2pt] (0,0) rectangle (18,18);
        \foreach \sloc in 
 {{3,3},{3,9},{3,15},{9,3},{9,9},{9,15},{15,3},{15,9},{15,15}}{\filldraw (\sloc) circle [radius=1.5pt];}
        %add progress bar
        \draw [rounded corners=3pt,blue!20] (5,-0.85) rectangle (13,-1.15);
        \fill [rounded corners=3pt,blue] (5,-0.85) rectangle ++(\i*13/\value{totalsteps}-\i*5/\value{totalsteps} ,-0.3);
        \filldraw [blue] (5,-0.85) ++ (\i*13/\value{totalsteps}-\i*5/\value{totalsteps} ,-0.15) circle [radius=5pt];
        %setup black
        \foreach \bloc in {{2,4},{3,4},{4,4},{5,4},{6,5},{7,6}}{
          \filldraw[line width = 0.1mm] (\bloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
        }

        %setup white
        \foreach \wloc in {{2,6},{3,6},{4,6},{5,6},{6,6},{7,7}}{
          \filldraw[fill=white,line width = 0.1mm] (\wloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
        }

        %play the go-game start from black
        \foreach \stepnum/\loc in {1/{8,7},2/{8,8},3/{9,8}}{
          \playgo{\i}{\stepnum}{\filldraw[fill={\ifodd\stepnum black\else white\fi},line width = 0.1mm] (\loc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm] node [color = \ifodd\stepnum white\else black\fi] {\stepnum};}
        }
      \end{tikzpicture}
    }
  \end{animateinline}\par}
\end{document}

在此輸入影像描述

答案2

我使用 TikZ 和 animate 包製作了以下動畫：

在此輸入影像描述

經典的方法是在文件中製作逐幀圖片.tex，對於基於某種演算法的數學或圖形，您可以使用循環，這是完美的，但在這種情況下，我製作了一個逐幀文件，我將其命名為Go-game.tex

\documentclass[tikz, border=30mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{fadings}
\definecolor{backcol}{HTML}{8b5a16}
\definecolor{wood}{HTML}{5d2f03}
\definecolor{gwhite}{HTML}{ecefe9}
\definecolor{gblack}{HTML}{221d1d}


\newcommand{\white}[1]{
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}]
\shade[top color=gwhite, bottom color=white] (0,0)circle(0.95);
\end{scope}
}

\newcommand{\black}[1]{
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}]
\shade[top color=gblack, bottom color=black] (0,0)circle(0.95);
\end{scope}
}

\begin{document}
\pagecolor{backcol}
\color{wood}
\foreach\i in {0, 10, 20, ..., 100}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}

\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}In order to take over the white goishi we need};

\end{tikzpicture}
}
\foreach\i in {90, 80,..., 0}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}

\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}In order to take over the white goishi we need};

\end{tikzpicture}
}

\foreach\i in {0, 10, 20, ..., 100}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}

\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}To surround them using the black goishi};
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\foreach\i in {90, 80, 70, ..., 0}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}

\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}To surround them using the black goishi};
\end{tikzpicture}
}


\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\black{(4,8)}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\black{(4,8)}
\black{(2,6)}
\end{tikzpicture}

\foreach\i in {90, 80, 70, ...,0}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\begin{scope}[opacity=\i/100]
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\end{scope}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\black{(4,8)}
\black{(2,6)}
\end{tikzpicture}

}

\end{document}

編譯您的文件，Go-game.pdf我們將使用它來為我們的框架添加動畫：

\documentclass[tikz, border=40mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{animate}
\begin{document}
\animategraphics[controls=all, loop]{15}{Go-game}{}{}
\end{document}

是的，在那之後你應該很高興得到你的動畫。

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