需要使用 Tikz 的時間軸的協助

需要使用 Tikz 的時間軸的協助

我是 LaTeX 和 TikZ 的新手。

我需要繪製一個時間線,其中用不同顏色編寫的文字代表我的專案的不同並行步驟。

這是我的程式碼:

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[%
    every node/.style={
        font=\scriptsize,
        % Better alignment, see https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/315075
        text height=1ex,
        text depth=.25ex,
    },
]

% draw horizontal line   
\draw[-] (0,0) -- (15,0);

% draw vertical lines
\foreach \x in {0,1.25,...,15}{
    \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,0pt);
}

\foreach \x in {0,5,...,15}{
    \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,8pt);
}

% place axis labels
\node[anchor=north] at (0,0) {Sep. 2024};
\node[anchor=north] at (2.5,0) {T3};
\node[anchor=north] at (5,0) {Sep. 2025};
\node[anchor=north] at (7.5,0) {T7};
\node[anchor=north] at (10,0) {Sep. 2026};
\node[anchor=north] at (12.5,0) {T11};
\node[anchor=north] at (15,0) {Sep. 2027};

% Text markers
\draw[color=black, thick] (0,0.4) -- (0,0.7) node[above, text=blue] {Step 1};
\draw[color=black, thick] (7.5,0.2) -- (7.5,0.5) node[above, text=orange] {Example};
\draw[color=black, thick] (12.5,0.2) -- (12.5,0.5) node[above, text=ForestGreen] {Enseignement};
\draw[color=black, thick] (1.25, -0.2) -- (1.25, -0.5) node[below, text=blue] {I would like a list here With different colors};


% Legend
\node[draw, circle, fill=blue, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Valorisation}] at (4,-2) {};
\node[draw, circle, fill=orange, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Recherche}] at (6.5,-2) {};
\node[draw, circle, fill=ForestGreen, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Enseignement}] at (9,-2) {};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

我有兩個問題。

首先,對於每個刻度,我可以編寫以列表形式呈現的多個條目,但我不知道如何換行。例如,在第二個刻度中我想要

"I would like a list here   
 With different colors"

我嘗試在大括號內使用“ \\”,但 TeX 無法識別它。

另外,對於我的 lsit 的不同條目,我希望能夠使用不同的顏色,但我覺得我只能輸入一種顏色。例如,我希望表達“我想要一個列表”為藍色,而“具有不同顏色”為橙色。

可以這樣做嗎?

答案1

如果您使用,align=center則可以\\在節點文字中使用。

要區分顏色,請\textcolor{<color>}{<text>}在節點內部使用而不是使用該text選項。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[%
    every node/.style={
        font=\scriptsize,
        % Better alignment, see https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/315075
        text height=1ex,
        text depth=.25ex,
    },
]

% draw horizontal line   
\draw[-] (0,0) -- (15,0);

% draw vertical lines
\foreach \x in {0,1.25,...,15}{
    \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,0pt);
}

\foreach \x in {0,5,...,15}{
    \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,8pt);
}

% place axis labels
\node[anchor=north] at (0,0) {Sep. 2024};
\node[anchor=north] at (2.5,0) {T3};
\node[anchor=north] at (5,0) {Sep. 2025};
\node[anchor=north] at (7.5,0) {T7};
\node[anchor=north] at (10,0) {Sep. 2026};
\node[anchor=north] at (12.5,0) {T11};
\node[anchor=north] at (15,0) {Sep. 2027};

% Text markers
\draw[color=black, thick] (0,0.4) -- (0,0.7) node[above, text=blue] {Step 1};
\draw[color=black, thick] (7.5,0.2) -- (7.5,0.5) node[above, text=orange] {Example};
\draw[color=black, thick] (12.5,0.2) -- (12.5,0.5) node[above, text=ForestGreen] {Enseignement};
\draw[color=black, thick] (1.25, -0.2) -- (1.25, -0.5) node[below=3.5mm, align=center] {\textcolor{blue}{I would like a list here}\\ \textcolor{orange}{With different colors}};


% Legend
\node[draw, circle, fill=blue, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Valorisation}] at (4,-2) {};
\node[draw, circle, fill=orange, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Recherche}] at (6.5,-2) {};
\node[draw, circle, fill=ForestGreen, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Enseignement}] at (9,-2) {};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此輸入影像描述

答案2

解決方案

您可以做以下幾件事,而且可能還有更多。幾點說明:

  • 增加了一些缺失的部分
  • 減少了我眼睛的代碼噪音;-)
  • 由於某種原因該every node聲明引起了麻煩,所以我暫時將其刪除
  • 有多種方法可以使節點文字中斷;限制text width是其中之一,請參閱節點文本上的 pgfmanual
  • 我將它作為一個單獨的樣式引入runtxt
  • 如果你在這裡命名你感興趣的節點,(A)事情就會變得更容易
  • 只是錨定偽codish(A.south超過B.north)
  • 將常規 LaTeX 文字放入其中,例如列表
  • 將它們堆疊在一起,這裡使用預設值,不間斷且居中

做出你的選擇。然而,還有一些事情要做:

  • 你的圖例的定位(你可以把它當作一個\pic?)
  • 您的every node風格至少需要經過審查才能使用

一般建議

作為一般性評論,我不會過度繪製這樣的圖表。你知道嗎甘特圖,建立在 Tikz 上?

如果您真的有很多事情需要處理,也許對於顯示部分,您可能想了解專案管理軟體。如果你在 MS-Office 世界中沒有它,這個開放工作台也許值得一瞧 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/openworkbench/)。 // 請參閱下面的螢幕截圖,以了解 Open Workbench 的圖片搜尋。

結果

\documentclass[border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} % <<<

\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[%
%       every node/.style={
%           font=\scriptsize,
%           % Better alignment, see https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/315075
%           text height=1ex,
%           text depth=.25ex,
%       },
        runtxt/.style={text width=25mm},    % <<<
    ]
    
    % draw horizontal line   
    \draw[-] (0,0) -- (15,0);
    
    % draw vertical lines
    \foreach \x in {0,1.25,...,15}{
        \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,0pt);
    }
    
    \foreach \x in {0,5,...,15}{
        \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,8pt);
    }
    
    % place axis labels
    \node[anchor=north] at (0,0) {Sep. 2024};
    \node[anchor=north] at (2.5,0) {T3};
    \node[anchor=north] at (5,0) {Sep. 2025};
    \node[anchor=north] at (7.5,0) {T7};
    \node[anchor=north] at (10,0) {Sep. 2026};
    \node[anchor=north] at (12.5,0) {T11};
    \node[anchor=north] at (15,0) {Sep. 2027};
    
    % Text markers
    \draw[color=black, thick] 
                            (0,0.4) -- (0,0.7) 
                            node[above, text=blue] {Step 1};
    \draw[color=black, thick] 
                            (7.5,0.2) -- (7.5,0.5) 
                            node[above, text=orange] {Example};
    \draw[color=black, thick] 
                            (12.5,0.2) -- (12.5,0.5) 
                            node[above, text=ForestGreen] {Enseignement};
    \draw[color=black, thick,runtxt]                % <<<
                            (1.25, -0.2) -- (1.25, -0.5) 
                            node[below, text=blue] (A)
                                {I would like a 
                                list here With different colors};
    
    % ~~~ demonstrating some options ~~~~~~~
    \node[anchor=north,runtxt,teal] (B) at (A.south){
        \begin{itemize}         % use regular LaTeX, BUT NO \tikz
         \item if you like it
         \item and you want it
         \item put a list on it
        \end{itemize}
    };
    \node[anchor=north,red] (C1) at (B.south) {
        This could be the first row
    };
    \node[anchor=north,red!100!orange!50,fill=yellow!20] (C2) at (C1.south) {
        of your list
    };
    
    % Legend
    \node[draw, circle, fill=blue, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Valorisation}] at (4,-2) {};
    \node[draw, circle, fill=orange, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Recherche}] at (6.5,-2) {};
    \node[draw, circle, fill=ForestGreen, inner sep=1pt, label={right:Enseignement}] at (9,-2) {};

 \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

對開放工作台的印象:

開放式

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