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Bash 指令在 Mac 上不起作用

tag-icon • tag-icon bash command-line terminal macintosh ruby
Bash 指令在 Mac 上不起作用

您好，我在 Mac Os 10.6.8 上打開終端窗口，因為我正在嘗試將 ruby​​ 更新到 1.9.3，終端在我打開它時立即給出以下響應：

-bash: export: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin': not a valid identifier
-bash: export: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /usr/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /usr/sbin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/sbin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /usr/local/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/usr/local/git/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /usr/X11/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/Users/oskarniburski/.rvm/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /usr/X11R6/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/usr/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/usr/sbin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /sbin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/usr/local/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /usr/local/git/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/usr/X11/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export: /Users/oskarniburski/.rvm/bin': not a valid identifier 
-bash: export:/usr/X11R6/bin': not a valid identifier

我試圖改變我的道路，但沒有成功。我不知道如何解決這個問題，並且一直在閱讀大量的論壇。有任何想法嗎？

這是 bash_profile：

$ /bin/cat ~/.bash_profile

# Setting PATH for MacPython 2.5
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH

# Setting PATH for MacPython 2.5
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH

# Setting PATH for Python 2.7
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH

# Setting PATH for EPD_free-7.3-2
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH

# Setting PATH for Python 3.3
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH

[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin /usr/bin /bin /usr/sbin /sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/git/bin /usr/X11/bin /Users/oskarniburski/.rvm/bin /usr/X11R6/bin
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin /usr/bin /bin /usr/sbin /sbin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/git/bin /usr/X11/bin /Users/oskarniburski/.rvm/bin /usr/X11R6/bin

##
# Your previous /Users/oskarniburski/.bash_profile file was backed up as /Users/oskarniburski/.bash_profile.macports-saved_2013-09-26_at_17:32:30
##

# MacPorts Installer addition on 2013-09-26_at_17:32:30: adding an appropriate PATH variable for use with MacPorts.
export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH
# Finished adapting your PATH environment variable for use with MacPorts.

答案1

好的，這裡的主要問題是您的目錄條目中有空格分隔，$PATH並且在非引號變數中也有這些空格，這會混淆bash.

在這種情況下，您想要做的是將目錄新增到您的路徑中。正確的語法是PATH="/foo:/bar/baz:$PATH.將 新增$PATH至末尾意味著它的當前值將附加到變數的末尾，這樣您就不會覆蓋已經存在的值。中的目錄$PATH是按順序讀取的，因此如果您希望最後搜尋新目錄，請將其新增至開頭：PATH="$PATH:/foo:/bar"。

另一個問題是您有許多重複的路徑。您可以透過運行找到這些

$ echo $PATH | perl -pne 's/:/\n/g' | sort | uniq -d
/bin
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/sbin

最後，您多次導出，$PATH這是毫無意義的。我刪除了所有重複項並修復了您的語法，最終得到以下結果：

# Setting PATH for MacPython 2.5
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/bin:${PATH}"

# Setting PATH for Python 2.7
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin:${PATH}"

# Setting PATH for Python 3.3
# The orginal version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin:${PATH}"

# Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" 
PATH="/usr/local/git/bin:/usr/X11/bin:/Users/oskarniburski/.rvm/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH"

##
# Your previous /Users/oskarniburski/.bash_profile file was backed up 
# as /Users/oskarniburski/.bash_profile.macports-saved_2013-09-26_at_17:32:30
##

# MacPorts Installer addition on 2013-09-26_at_17:32:30: adding an appropriate PATH 
# variable for use with MacPorts.
export PATH="/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH"

# Finished adapting your PATH environment variable for use with MacPorts.

複製該文件，打開終端機並執行以下命令：

/bin/cp ~/.bash_profile ~/bash_profile.bad
/bin/cat > ~/.bash_profile

第一個將備份您目前的資料~/.bash_profile（以防萬一）。第二個似乎什麼都不做，但它會打開~/.bash_profile以供寫入。只需將我上面給出的內容直接貼到終端中，然後點擊Enter，然後點擊CtrlC。這應該會讓一切恢復正常。

注意：/bin您在.這些幾乎肯定已經在您的中，不需要添加。如果它們丟失（查看當前值），只需使用我上面描述的語法添加它們。/sbin/usr/bin/usr/local/bin.bash_profile$PATHecho $PATH

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