我正在嘗試在 Debian 7 上獨立運行我的視窗管理器（即沒有目前安裝的 Gnome 3）。顯然 Gnome 已經在運行mutter視窗管理器了：
$ wmctrl -m
Name: Mutter
Class: N/A
PID: N/A
Window manager's "showing the desktop" mode: N/A
不過，我似乎找不到運行它的 mutter 可執行檔。它不在$PATH，而且對我來說，沒有一個結果locate mutter看起來像可執行檔：（請注意，/usr/share/mutter/和/usr/lib/mutter/都是下面輸出中的目錄）
$ sudo locate mutter
/usr/lib/libmutter.so.0
/usr/lib/libmutter.so.0.0.0
/usr/lib/mutter
/usr/lib/mutter/Meta-3.0.typelib
/usr/share/mutter
/usr/share/GConf/gsettings/mutter-schemas.convert
/usr/share/app-install/desktop/mutter.desktop
/usr/share/doc/gir1.2-mutter-3.0
/usr/share/doc/libmutter0
/usr/share/doc/mutter-common
/usr/share/doc/gir1.2-mutter-3.0/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/gir1.2-mutter-3.0/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/gir1.2-mutter-3.0/README.gz
/usr/share/doc/gir1.2-mutter-3.0/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/gir1.2-mutter-3.0/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/gir1.2-mutter-3.0/copyright
/usr/share/doc/libmutter0/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/libmutter0/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/libmutter0/README.gz
/usr/share/doc/libmutter0/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/libmutter0/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/libmutter0/copyright
/usr/share/doc/mutter-common/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/mutter-common/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/mutter-common/README.gz
/usr/share/doc/mutter-common/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/mutter-common/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/mutter-common/copyright
/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gnome.mutter.gschema.xml
/usr/share/gnome-control-center/keybindings/50-mutter-windows.xml
/usr/share/locale/am/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ar/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/as/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ast/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/az/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/be@latin/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/bn/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/bn_IN/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/br/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/bs/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ca@valencia/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/cy/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/dz/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/en_CA/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/en_GB/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/fa/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ga/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/gu/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ha/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/he/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/hi/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/hy/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ig/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/is/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ka/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/kn/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ku/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/la/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/lt/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/lv/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/mai/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/mg/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/mk/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ml/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/mn/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/mr/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ms/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/nds/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/pa/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ro/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/rw/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/si/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/sq/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/sr@latin/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ta/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/te/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/th/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/tk/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/ug/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/wa/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/xh/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/yo/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_HK/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/mutter.mo
/usr/share/man/man1/mutter-message.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mutter-theme-viewer.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mutter-window-demo.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mutter.1.gz
/usr/share/mutter/icons
/usr/share/mutter/icons/mutter-window-demo.png
/var/lib/dpkg/info/gir1.2-mutter-3.0.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/gir1.2-mutter-3.0.md5sums
/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmutter0.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmutter0.md5sums
/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmutter0.postinst
/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmutter0.postrm
/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmutter0.shlibs
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mutter-common.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mutter-common.md5sums
/var/lib/dpkg/info/mutter-common.preinst
為了讓視窗管理器運行，我的想法是關閉 Gnome 桌面管理器，然後運行 X，如下所示.xinitrc：
$ /etc/init.d/gdm3 stop
$ cat .xinitrc
#!/bin/bash
[[ -f ~/.Xresources ]] && xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources
exec mutter
exec xterm -maximized
$ startx
這是在啟用視窗管理器的情況下啟動 xterm 的正確方法嗎？我想我記得在某個地方讀到只exec允許一個人進入.xinitrc，所以也許我嘗試的方式是錯的？
答案1
exec mutter將腳本替換為mutter，因此該行下面的任何內容都不會運行。如果你想xterm之前運行mutter：
xterm -maximized &
exec mutter
如果你想mutter之前運行xterm：
mutter &
wm_pid=$!
xterm -maximized &
wait $wm_pid
或者，將 mutter 配置為xterm -maximized在啟動時運行。我不知道這是否可行——mutter 被設計為不可配置。
至於查找 mutter 可執行文件，/usr/bin如果您透過套件管理器安裝它，它已經在搜尋路徑中（在 中），您無需執行任何操作。