我有一個 KVM 系統，在該系統上，我直接在所有虛擬機器和主機作業系統上的 bond0（eth0、eth1）之間運行橋接。因此，所有電腦都位於同一子網路上，開箱即可使用。綁定正在執行模式 1 主動/被動，並將 arp_ip_target 設為預設網關，這本身導致了一些問題，但我自己看不到這裡重要的綁定配置。
當我在平台上停止和啟動來賓時，大多數時候我都會看到奇怪的事情，因為在主機上我失去網路連線（icmp、ssh）大約 30 秒。不過，我不會失去其他已運行虛擬機器的連線...它們始終可以 ping 通預設 GW，但主機卻不能。我說“大約 30 秒”，但從一些測試來看，實際上通常是 28 秒（或者至少，我丟失了 28 次 ping...），我想知道這是否與網橋配置有關。
我根本沒有在網橋上運行 STP，並且轉送延遲設定為 1 秒，bond0 上的路徑成本降低到 10，bond0 的連接埠優先權也降低到 1。得很好（正如持續的訪客連接所暗示的那樣），但位於橋接設備上的主機的IP（...這有關係嗎？？）變得無法訪問。
我相當確定這是關於橋接網路的，但在啟動虛擬機器時發生這種情況的同時，顯然還發生了很多其他事情，所以也許我偏離了目標。
缺乏連結：
# ping 10.20.11.254
PING 10.20.11.254 (10.20.11.254) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.921 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.541 ms
type=1700 audit(1293462808.589:325): dev=vnet6 prom=256 old_prom=0 auid=42949672
95 ses=4294967295
type=1700 audit(1293462808.604:326): dev=vnet7 prom=256 old_prom=0 auid=42949672
95 ses=4294967295
type=1700 audit(1293462808.618:327): dev=vnet8 prom=256 old_prom=0 auid=42949672
95 ses=4294967295
kvm: 14116: cpu0 unimplemented perfctr wrmsr: 0x186 data 0x130079
kvm: 14116: cpu0 unimplemented perfctr wrmsr: 0xc1 data 0xffdd694a
kvm: 14116: cpu0 unimplemented perfctr wrmsr: 0x186 data 0x530079
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=30 ttl=255 time=0.514 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=31 ttl=255 time=0.551 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=32 ttl=255 time=0.437 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.11.254: icmp_seq=33 ttl=255 time=0.392 ms
相關橋的brctl輸出：
# brctl showstp brdev
brdev
bridge id 8000.b2e1378d1396
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396
root port 0 path cost 0
max age 19.99 bridge max age 19.99
hello time 1.99 bridge hello time 1.99
forward delay 0.99 bridge forward delay 0.99
ageing time 299.95
hello timer 0.50 tcn timer 0.00
topology change timer 0.00 gc timer 0.04
flags
vnet5 (3)
port id 8003 state forwarding
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396 path cost 100
designated bridge 8000.b2e1378d1396 message age timer 0.00
designated port 8003 forward delay timer 0.00
designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00
flags
vnet0 (2)
port id 8002 state forwarding
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396 path cost 100
designated bridge 8000.b2e1378d1396 message age timer 0.00
designated port 8002 forward delay timer 0.00
designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00
flags
bond0 (1)
port id 0001 state forwarding
designated root 8000.b2e1378d1396 path cost 10
designated bridge 8000.b2e1378d1396 message age timer 0.00
designated port 0001 forward delay timer 0.00
designated cost 0 hold timer 0.00
flags
我確實看到新連接埠被列為學習，但與轉送延遲一致，在循環上輪詢 brctl 輸出時僅持續 1 或 2 秒。
ifconfig 沒有範例虛擬機器：
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:21168629 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9280285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:8777768179 (8.1 GiB) TX bytes:2671736365 (2.4 GiB)
bradSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1656 (1.6 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brawSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:109 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4996 (4.8 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brdev Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B2:E1:37:8D:13:96
inet addr:10.20.11.129 Bcast:10.20.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16663718 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8800468 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3268513274 (3.0 GiB) TX bytes:2587834869 (2.4 GiB)
brmgtSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:699322 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:928721301 (885.6 MiB) TX bytes:6706 (6.5 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:20412120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9280285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8720799421 (8.1 GiB) TX bytes:2671736365 (2.4 GiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f4000000-f4012800
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:756509 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:56968758 (54.3 MiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
Interrupt:186 Memory:f2000000-f2012800
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB) TX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB)
vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B2:E1:37:8D:13:96
inet6 addr: fe80::b0e1:37ff:fe8d:1396/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:59861 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:5924530 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:2 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:6405635 (6.1 MiB) TX bytes:1987480170 (1.8 GiB)
vnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::18ca:aeff:fe08:1c42/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:541798 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:61998 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:802746110 (765.5 MiB) TX bytes:6498514 (6.1 MiB)
ifconfig 與範例 VM：
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:21285120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9291457 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:8948482155 (8.3 GiB) TX bytes:2673235824 (2.4 GiB)
bradSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 2A:18:E1:2D:1A:EC
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:36 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1656 (1.6 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brawSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 96:55:AA:14:67:07
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:109 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:4996 (4.8 KiB) TX bytes:6592 (6.4 KiB)
brdev Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 16:5C:BC:E5:90:11
inet addr:10.20.11.129 Bcast:10.20.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::d685:64ff:fe65:fa4e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16673094 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8801611 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:3279365967 (3.0 GiB) TX bytes:2587927761 (2.4 GiB)
brmgtSP1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::200:ff:fe00:0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:699342 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:928723605 (885.6 MiB) TX bytes:6706 (6.5 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:20528382 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9291457 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:8891497316 (8.2 GiB) TX bytes:2673235824 (2.4 GiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:f4000000-f4012800
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D4:85:64:65:FA:4E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:756738 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:56984839 (54.3 MiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
Interrupt:186 Memory:f2000000-f2012800
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3937 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB) TX bytes:6641553 (6.3 MiB)
vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr B2:E1:37:8D:13:96
inet6 addr: fe80::b0e1:37ff:fe8d:1396/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:69818 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6034715 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:2 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:7763947 (7.4 MiB) TX bytes:2149238089 (2.0 GiB)
vnet1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1A:CA:AE:08:1C:42
inet6 addr: fe80::18ca:aeff:fe08:1c42/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:650557 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:72519 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:964153780 (919.4 MiB) TX bytes:7896728 (7.5 MiB)
vnet2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr AA:4B:22:76:D2:EC
inet6 addr: fe80::a84b:22ff:fe76:d2ec/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:10521 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:108765 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:1398214 (1.3 MiB) TX bytes:161408138 (153.9 MiB)
vnet3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 96:55:AA:14:67:07
inet6 addr: fe80::9455:aaff:fe14:6707/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)
vnet4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 2A:18:E1:2D:1A:EC
inet6 addr: fe80::2818:e1ff:fe2d:1aec/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:468 (468.0 b)
vnet5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 16:5C:BC:E5:90:11
inet6 addr: fe80::145c:bcff:fee5:9011/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:241 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:1 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:500
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:47167 (46.0 KiB)
所有在黑暗中的指點、提示或刺探都值得讚賞。
答案1
您能發布一下ifconfig -a啟動虛擬機器之前和之後的情況嗎？
答案2
我正在運行幾乎相同的設定並遇到相同的問題（也不使用 STP）。當我運行更多虛擬機器時，問題就幾乎消失了。主機保持可用狀態。您能否嘗試在後台從主機 ping 通您的網關，然後嘗試透過停止/銷毀虛擬機器來重現問題？這似乎對我有用。我認為，如果主機或主機上的虛擬機器在同一 VLAN 或網橋上發出訊號，則會觸發某些操作以保持主機本身可用。