我需要在 CentOS 6.4 中使用 rpm 指令編寫 MariaDB 安裝腳本。我無法使用 yum，因為它將是離線安裝，因此無法存取儲存庫。
安裝的唯一 MySQL 軟體包是 mysql-libs，因為 CentOS 中的各種其他軟體包都依賴它。當我使用 yum 對 MariaDB 進行測試安裝時，它正確地考慮了 mysql-libs 並在最後卸載了它，因為 MariaDB 在安裝後可以處理依賴項：
[root@new-host-6 ~]# yum install MariaDB-client MariaDB-common MariaDB-compat MariaDB-devel MariaDB-server MariaDB-shared
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security, verify
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.kernel.org
* extras: mirror.keystealth.org
* updates: mirror.umd.edu
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 will be installed
---> Package MariaDB-common.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 will be installed
---> Package MariaDB-compat.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 will be obsoleting
---> Package MariaDB-devel.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 will be installed
---> Package MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 will be installed
---> Package MariaDB-shared.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 will be obsoleting
---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.66-2.el6_3 will be obsoleted
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
====================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
MariaDB-client x86_64 5.5.32-1 mariadb 10 M
MariaDB-common x86_64 5.5.32-1 mariadb 23 k
MariaDB-compat x86_64 5.5.32-1 mariadb 2.7 M
replacing mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.66-2.el6_3
MariaDB-devel x86_64 5.5.32-1 mariadb 5.6 M
MariaDB-server x86_64 5.5.32-1 mariadb 34 M
MariaDB-shared x86_64 5.5.32-1 mariadb 1.1 M
replacing mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.66-2.el6_3
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================================================
Install 6 Package(s)
Total download size: 53 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/6): MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-client.rpm | 10 MB 00:06
(2/6): MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-common.rpm | 23 kB 00:00
(3/6): MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:02
(4/6): MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-devel.rpm | 5.6 MB 00:06
(5/6): MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-server.rpm | 34 MB 00:23
(6/6): MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-shared.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.3 MB/s | 53 MB 00:40
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 1bb943db: NOKEY
Retrieving key from https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
Importing GPG key 0x1BB943DB:
Userid: "Daniel Bartholomew (Monty Program signing key) <[email protected]>"
From : https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : MariaDB-compat-5.5.32-1.x86_64 1/7
Installing : MariaDB-common-5.5.32-1.x86_64 2/7
Installing : MariaDB-server-5.5.32-1.x86_64 3/7
chown: cannot access `/var/lib/mysql': No such file or directory
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'/usr/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h new-host-6 password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
'/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation'
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://kb.askmonty.org or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
Please report any problems with the '/usr/bin/mysqlbug' script!
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from
Monty Program Ab. You can contact us about this at [email protected].
Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:
http://kb.askmonty.org/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/
Installing : MariaDB-devel-5.5.32-1.x86_64 4/7
Installing : MariaDB-client-5.5.32-1.x86_64 5/7
Installing : MariaDB-shared-5.5.32-1.x86_64 6/7
Erasing : mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64 7/7
Verifying : MariaDB-common-5.5.32-1.x86_64 1/7
Verifying : MariaDB-server-5.5.32-1.x86_64 2/7
Verifying : MariaDB-devel-5.5.32-1.x86_64 3/7
Verifying : MariaDB-client-5.5.32-1.x86_64 4/7
Verifying : MariaDB-compat-5.5.32-1.x86_64 5/7
Verifying : MariaDB-shared-5.5.32-1.x86_64 6/7
Verifying : mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64 7/7
Installed:
MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 MariaDB-common.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 MariaDB-compat.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 MariaDB-devel.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1
MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1 MariaDB-shared.x86_64 0:5.5.32-1
Replaced:
mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.66-2.el6_3
Complete!
我的問題是，僅使用 rpm 命令而不是 yum 安裝 MariaDB 軟體包的等效方法是什麼？
如果我執行 rpm -ivh MariaDB*.rpm，我將收到大量類似以下有關與 mysql-libs 衝突的訊息：
file /etc/my.cnf from install of MariaDB-common-5.5.32-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml from install of MariaDB-common-5.5.32-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
然後我使用 --force 選項安裝 MariaDB rpm 並卸載了 mysql-lib，我沒有收到任何奇怪的消息，但我不確定這是處理衝突和進行安裝的最乾淨的方法。
那麼有人可以確認使用以下 rpm 指令安裝 MariaDB 與使用 yum 安裝軟體包並處理 mysql-libs 衝突/刪除相同：
rpm -ivh --force MariaDB*.rpm
rpm -e mysql 函式庫
感謝您的任何意見！
答案1
你不知道。您使用yum它可以乾淨地處理這種情況。它直接使用 RPM 包離線運行得很好，前提是全部必要的依賴項可用或已安裝。
將適當的 MariaDB RPM 下載到您的 USB 或 DVD-ROM。
yumdownloader MariaDB-client MariaDB-common MariaDB-compat MariaDB-devel MariaDB-server MariaDB-shared將 USB 記憶棒或 DVD-ROM 放入目標電腦並將其複製進去。
安裝它們：
yum --disablerepo=* -y install MariaDB-*.rpm
答案2
您應該執行“rpm -Uvh ...”，而不是“rpm -ivh ...”。
除了內核之外，-Uvh 應該總是使用。
已過時：使用 --install,-i 時不會執行標記。
答案3
我使用以下儲存庫（如 /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo）：
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-09-14 02:06 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
對於應用程式來說，具有二進位相容性非常重要，這是透過安裝同一儲存庫中提供的 MariaDB-compat 套件來完成的（出於某種原因，我在您的清單中沒有看到它）：
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qlp mysql-libs-5.1.69-1.el6_4.x86_64.rpm |grep so
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16.0.0
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.16
/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.16.0.0
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qlp MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.15
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.15.0.0
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.16
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.16.0.0
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.15
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.15.0.0
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.16
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.16.0.0
因此，您可以卸載 mysql-libs，然後安裝 MariaDB-server 軟體包，這將安裝所有要求和 MariaDB-compat 軟體包，這會廢棄 mysql-libs，因此依賴性不會被破壞：
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qp --obsoletes MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm
mysql-libs < 5.3.5
[root@backup ~]#
所以，之後就沒有問題了，rpm 不會報告任何不相容的情況，（提供 mysql-libs = 5.3.5）：
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qlp --provides MariaDB-5.5.32-centos6-x86_64-compat.rpm
libmysqlclient.so.15()(64bit)
libmysqlclient.so.15(libmysqlclient_15)(64bit)
libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)
libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
libmysqlclient_r.so.15()(64bit)
libmysqlclient_r.so.15(libmysqlclient_15)(64bit)
libmysqlclient_r.so.16()(64bit)
libmysqlclient_r.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)
mysql-libs = 5.3.5
MariaDB-compat = 5.5.32-1
MariaDB-compat(x86-64) = 5.5.32-1
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.15
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.15.0.0
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.16
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.16.0.0
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.15
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.15.0.0
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.16
/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient_r.so.16.0.0
[root@backup ~]#
答：是的，您可以卸載 mysql-libs 並安裝這些軟體包，但從這個儲存庫下載。
（yumdownloader MariaDB-client.x86_64 MariaDB-common.x86_64 MariaDB-compat.x86_64 等）