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接收電子郵件：

tag-icon • tag-icon debian sendmail debian-stretch
接收電子郵件：

新手第一次嘗試使用sendmail。唯一的問題郵件永遠不會到達（即使是垃圾郵件）我有以下日誌：

郵件錯誤是空的

郵件日誌顯示accepted for delivery，但我stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com有時也會得到，但並非總是如此，所以不確定這是否是問題所在？

我已經檢查了連接埠 25 是否已開啟netstat -tuplen | grep 25

郵件日誌：

Feb 17 16:57:16 mysite sendmail[1457]: w1HGvG6p001457:     [email protected], ctladdr=www-data (33/33), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30423, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (w1HGvG8t001458 Message accepted for delivery)

Feb 17 17:00:09 mysite sm-mta[689]: w1HGiDDr003604: to=.   <[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (33/33), delay=00:15:56, xdelay=00:10:01, mailer=esmtp, pri=120652, relay=alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com. [74.125.28.26], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.


佇列文件是這樣的：

V8
T1518886636
K0
N0
P30652
Fbs
$_localhost [127.0.0.1]
$rESMTP
$smysite.com
${daemon_flags}
${if_addr}127.0.0.1
S<[email protected]>
A<>
rRFC822; [email protected]
RPFD:<[email protected]>
H?P?Return-Path: <�g>
H??Received: from mysite.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
    by mysite.com (8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-8) with ESMTP id w1HGvG8t001458
    for <[email protected]>; Sat, 17 Feb 2018 16:57:16 GMT
H?x?Full-Name: www-data
H??Received: (from www-data@localhost)
    by bikecomparator.com (8.15.2/8.15.2/Submit) id w1HGvG6p001457;
    Sat, 17 Feb 2018 16:57:16 GMT
H??Date: Sat, 17 Feb 2018 16:57:16 GMT
H??Message-Id: <[email protected]>
H??To: [email protected]
H??Subject: Signup | Verification
H??X-PHP-Originating-Script: 1000:userMgmt.php
H??From:[email protected]

netstat -ntlp | 網路統計grep 寄送郵件

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      687/sendmail: MTA:  
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:587           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      687/sendmail: MTA:


主機 127.0.0.1 localhost mysite.com

熱名 mysite.com

/etc/mail/sendmail.mc

define(`_USE_ETC_MAIL_')dnl
include(`/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl
VERSIONID(`$Id: sendmail.mc, v 8.15.2-8 2016-12-08 18:43:49 cowboy Exp $')
OSTYPE(`debian')dnl
DOMAIN(`debian-mta')dnl
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
undefine(`confHOST_STATUS_DIRECTORY')dnl        #DAEMON_HOSTSTATS=
dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE
dnl #
dnl # General defines
dnl #
dnl # SAFE_FILE_ENV: [undefined] If set, sendmail will do a chroot()
dnl #   into this directory before writing files.
dnl #   If *all* your user accounts are under /home then use that
dnl #   instead - it will prevent any writes outside of /home !
dnl #   define(`confSAFE_FILE_ENV',             `')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Daemon options - restrict to servicing LOCALHOST ONLY !!!
dnl # Remove `, Addr=' clauses to receive from any interface
dnl # If you want to support IPv6, switch the commented/uncommentd  lines
dnl #
FEATURE(`no_default_msa')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MTA-v6, Port=smtp,     Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet,  Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp,      Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MSP-v6, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=::1')dnl
DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet,  Name=MSP-v4, Port=submission, M=Ea,  Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Be somewhat anal in what we allow
define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',dnl`needmailhelo,needexpnhelo,needvrfyhelo,restrictqrun,restrictexpand,nobodyreturn,authwarnings')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Define connection throttling and window length
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `15')dnl
define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_WINDOW_SIZE',`10m')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Features
dnl #
dnl # use /etc/mail/local-host-names
FEATURE(`use_cw_file')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The access db is the basis for most of sendmail's checking
FEATURE(`access_db', , `skip')dnl
dnl #
dnl # The greet_pause feature stops some automail bots - but check  the
dnl # provided access db for details on excluding localhosts...
FEATURE(`greet_pause', `1000')dnl 1 seconds
dnl #
dnl # Delay_checks allows sender<->recipient checking
FEATURE(`delay_checks', `friend', `n')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If we get too many bad recipients, slow things down...
define(`confBAD_RCPT_THROTTLE',`3')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Stop connections that overflow our concurrent and time connection rates
FEATURE(`conncontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
FEATURE(`ratecontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl
dnl #
dnl # If you're on a dialup link, you should enable this - so    sendmail
dnl # will not bring up the link (it will queue mail for later)
dnl define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE',`True')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Dialup/LAN connection overrides
dnl #
include(`/etc/mail/m4/dialup.m4')dnl
include(`/etc/mail/m4/provider.m4')dnl
dnl #
dnl # Default Mailer setup
MAILER_DEFINITIONS
MAILER(`local')dnl
MAILER(`smtp')dnl

答案1

您的傳出 SMTP 連線可能會被您的 ISP 封鎖（作為傳出垃圾郵件預防）。

當您遠端登入任何 gmail.com MX 的 SMTP 連接埠時，您是否收到 SMTP 問候訊息來自主機？ [是sendmail的錯嗎？

若要取得 Gmail MX 列表，請使用：dig MX gmail.com

若要取得/檢查 SMTP 問候語，請使用：telnet gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25

答案2

接收電子郵件：

根據您的netstat -ntlp | grep sendmail輸出，您的伺服器只是在 localhost (127.0.0.1) 中監聽，而不是在您的 IP 位址中監聽。如果您想接收電子郵件，請檢查這。

發送電子郵件：

核實：

  • 網域解析：host -t mx gmail.com.答案看起來像這樣：

    gmail.com mail is handled by 10 alt1.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 20 alt2.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 40 alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 5 gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
gmail.com mail is handled by 30 alt3.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.

  • 更多 DNS：（host alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com或其他 Gmail SMTP 伺服器）。答案看起來像這樣：

    alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com has address 209.85.202.27
alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:400b:c00::1a

  • SMTP 連接埠存取：nc -vv alt4.gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25您應該收到 220 代碼：

    220 mx.google.com ESMTP 7si2060923qty.86 - gsmtp [831 ms]

如果沒有，可能您的 ISP 封鎖了連接埠 25，您可以嘗試使用 SMTP over SSL（連接埠 465）或 SMTP 提交（連接埠 587）。

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