我升級到 F27 並在重新啟動後進入緊急 shell。經過幾個小時的谷歌和實驗，從安裝CD 加載恢復，找到操作系統映像並將/usr/lib/os-release 複製到/etc/os-release，除此之外，我可能不記得了，讓我
grub>
所以我發現如果我這樣做我就可以啟動
grub> set boot=(hd0,msdos1)
grub> set prefix=(hd0,msdos1)
grub> insmod normal
normal
然後我收到核心選擇提示（現在顯示“dracut”而不是“Fedora”？）並按“e”編輯 4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64 並將“set root='hd0,msdos1'”更改為“ set root='hd0,msdos3'” 然後按ctrl-x 啟動，Fedora 27 最終啟動。
我的問題是每次重新啟動時我都必須這樣做。我跑了
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
它說它成功了，但這並沒有改變任何事情。我仍然需要完成整個程式才能啟動機器，這有點麻煩。幸運的是，我們不必經常重新啟動它。
我的問題是：如何使這些分割區變更在重新啟動後仍然有效？
謝謝！
grub.cfg 似乎確實有正確的值，但我仍然必須執行上述操作才能啟動機器。 /etc/grub.cfg 連結到 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg：
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
set pager=1
if [ -f ${config_directory}/grubenv ]; then
load_env -f ${config_directory}/grubenv
elif [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
set default="${next_entry}"
set next_entry=
save_env next_entry
set boot_once=true
else
set default="${saved_entry}"
fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
menuentry_id_option=""
fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function load_video {
if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
insmod all_video
else
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod ieee1275_fb
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
fi
}
terminal_output console
if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
set timeout_style=menu
set timeout=5
# Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
# unavailable.
else
set timeout=5
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
if [ -f ${prefix}/user.cfg ]; then
source ${prefix}/user.cfg
if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then
set superusers="root"
export superusers
password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD}
fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'dracut (4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64 root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'dracut (4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64 root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'dracut (4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64 root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64.img
}
menuentry 'dracut (4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64+debug) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64+debug-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64+debug root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64+debug.img
}
menuentry 'dracut (4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64+debug) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64+debug-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64+debug root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-4.11.12-100.fc24.x86_64+debug.img
}
menuentry 'dracut (4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64+debug) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64+debug-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64+debug root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-4.11.10-100.fc24.x86_64+debug.img
}
menuentry 'dracut (0-rescue-a9f8b0f7c9ac492ea0ca157a4e1f3d7b) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-a9f8b0f7c9ac492ea0ca157a4e1f3d7b-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-a9f8b0f7c9ac492ea0ca157a4e1f3d7b root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-a9f8b0f7c9ac492ea0ca157a4e1f3d7b.img
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
blkid 的輸出：
[root@vh02 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="348d6d2c-01"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="home" UUID="5c592a5a-9819-40d5-a1aa-9e04688cecfa" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="348d6d2c-02"
/dev/sda3: UUID="14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="348d6d2c-03"
/dev/sda5: UUID="4f19f0d8-badf-4dd3-8105-0bfb3d12609c" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="348d6d2c-05"
答案1
如果您的 /boot 磁碟區位於 sda1 上，那麼您的選單項目肯定是錯誤的。查看以下頂部條目：
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'dracut (4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64) 27 (Server Edition) dracut-046-8.git20180105.fc27' --class generic --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64-advanced-14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb' {
load_video
set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gzio
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos3'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root e5576283-fa19-4b57-8c1a-4d44227e8b8c
fi
linux16 /vmlinuz-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64 root=UUID=14f0dc3e-9ff4-4051-a8a8-302730b552fb ro rhgb quiet
initrd16 /initramfs-4.14.18-300.fc27.x86_64.img
}
set root='hd0,msdos3' 不正確。應該是「hd0,msdos1」。這就是將 GRUB 指向 /boot 分割區的原因，而核心的 root= 參數（以「linux16」開頭的行）應該指向 / 的檔案系統 UUID。
您可能在 / 以及 /boot 上都有 grub 文件，並且在升級期間 /boot 可能已被卸載。從所提供的資訊中很難說，但這是一個常見的罪魁禍首。解決這個問題可能就像重新產生 grub 配置一樣簡單，grub-mkconfig同時確保 /dev/sda1 安裝在 /boot 上。如果這確實是問題所在，您可能還想先清理 / 檔案系統上的 /boot 目錄。
您的 dracut 問題是獨立但相關的。我會查看核心的 root=UUID= 行，並確保那裡的 UUID 實際上是您的根檔案系統而不是其他東西。blkid在運行的系統中，將在安裝點旁邊列印 UUID 以及其他詳細資訊。你的選單和其他東西都顯示“dracut”，因為 grub 配置產生沒有正確偵測到 Fedora 安裝。同樣，這可能是由於未安裝 /boot 或甚至在 期間綁定安裝了 / 造成的grub-mkconfig。