我跟著本教程將我的 linode 實例從 Debian 8 升級到穩定版。升級後，我在使用 sendmail 時遇到了一些錯誤/問題。
$ which sendmail不返回任何內容。我做已經安裝了sendmail。它在/usr/sbin/sendmail。Sendmail的權限如下：
$ ls -la /usr/sbin/sendmail lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Jul 17 12:41 /usr/sbin/sendmail -> /etc/alternatives/sendmail連結 (
/etc/alternatives/sendmail) 以紅色突出顯示。當我嘗試發送測試電子郵件時，出現以下錯誤：
sudo echo "Subject: sendmail test" | /usr/sbin/sendmail -v [email protected]can not write to queue directory /var/spool/mqueue-client/ (RunAsGid=115, required=0): Permission denied那目錄的權限是：
$ ls -la /var/spool/mqueue-client drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 15 2018 mqueue-client
所以，我顯然有某種許可/所有權問題，但我也認為給定第 1 項和第 2 項還存在其他問題。的電子郵件客戶端/伺服器。我只是不確定如何解決這些問題。
我的 sendmail 只是用 來安裝的$ sudo apt-get install sendmail sendmail-bin，所以它直接來自 Debian 的存儲庫，這就是為什麼我對這些問題有點困惑......我認為所需的任何配置都將由安裝過程處理。
編輯：輸出ls -l /etc/alternatives/sendmail*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Jul 17 12:41 /etc/alternatives/sendmail -> /usr/lib/sm.bin/sendmail
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 42 Jul 17 12:41 /etc/alternatives/sendmail.8.gz -> /usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.sendmail.8.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Jul 17 12:41 /etc/alternatives/sendmail-msp -> /usr/lib/sm.bin/sendmail
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 42 Jul 17 12:41 /etc/alternatives/sendmail-msp.8.gz -> /usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.sendmail.8.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Jul 17 12:41 /etc/alternatives/sendmail-mta -> /usr/lib/sm.bin/sendmail
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 42 Jul 17 12:41 /etc/alternatives/sendmail-mta.8.gz -> /usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.sendmail.8.gz
每對以不同的顏色結束，例如/usr/lib/sm.bin/sendmail以琥珀色突出顯示，而/usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.sendmail.8.gz以紅色突出顯示。每對的顏色都是相同的－琥珀色和紅色。
EDIT2：輸出(echo subject: test; echo ; echo test) | /usr/sbin/sendmail -d44.4 -i -v username（我使用了我的真實用戶名，但為了安全性調整了結果輸出）：
$ (echo subject: test; echo ; echo test) | /usr/sbin/sendmail -d44.4 -i -v username
safefile(/etc/mail/submit.cf, uid=1000, gid=0, flags=6000, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=1000, gid=0, flags=6000, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 4] OK
safefile(/etc/mail/relay-domains, uid=1000, gid=0, flags=6580, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=1000, gid=0, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
No such file or directory
safefile(/etc/mail/service.switch, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=6480, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 4] OK
safefile(/etc/mail/service.switch, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=6480, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 4] OK
safefile( , uid=1000, gid=115, flags=40, mode=660):
safedirpath(., uid=1000, gid=115, flags=40, level=0, offset=0):
[dir .] OK
No such file or directory
[final dir . uid 111 mode 42770] Success
safedirpath(/var/spool/mqueue-client, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=0, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /var/spool/mqueue-client] OK
safefile(./dfx6MIGnM5005502, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=2040, mode=600):
safedirpath(., uid=1000, gid=115, flags=2040, level=0, offset=0):
[dir .] OK
No such file or directory
[final dir . uid 111 mode 42770] Success
username... Connecting to [127.0.0.1] via relay...
220 major-productions.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.15.2/8.15.2/Debian-12; Mon, 22 Jul 2019 14:16:49 -0400; (No UCE/UBE) logging access from: localhost(OK)-localhost [127.0.0.1]
>>> EHLO major-productions.com
250-major-productions.com Hello localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-PIPELINING
250-EXPN
250-VERB
250-8BITMIME
250-SIZE
250-DSN
250-ETRN
250-AUTH DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5
250-DELIVERBY
250 HELP
>>> VERB
250 2.0.0 Verbose mode
>>> MAIL From:<[email protected]> SIZE=20 [email protected]
250 2.1.0 <[email protected]>... Sender ok
>>> RCPT To:<[email protected]>
>>> DATA
250 2.1.5 <[email protected]>... Recipient ok
354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself
>>> .
421 4.3.0 collect: Cannot write ./dfx6MIGnHm005503 (bfcommit, uid=0, gid=115): No such file or directory
>>> QUIT
username... Deferred: 421 4.3.0 collect: Cannot write ./dfx6MIGnHm005503 (bfcommit, uid=0, gid=115): No such file or directory
safefile(/var/lib/sendmail/sm-client.st, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=2282, mode=600):
safedirpath(/var/lib/sendmail, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=2282, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /var/lib/sendmail] OK
No such file or directory
safefile(/var/lib/sendmail/sm-client.st, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=2282, mode=600):
safedirpath(/var/lib/sendmail, uid=1000, gid=115, flags=2282, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /var/lib/sendmail] OK
No such file or directory
Closing connection to [127.0.0.1]
(echo subject: test; echo ; echo test) | /usr/sbin/sendmail -Am -d44.4 -i -v username編輯3：以root身分登入時的輸出（使用者名稱像以前一樣被混淆）：
# (echo subject: test; echo ; echo test) | /usr/sbin/sendmail -Am -d44.4 -i -v username
safefile(/etc/mail/sendmail.cf, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6000, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6000, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 400] OK
safefile(/etc/mail/local-host-names, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6580, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 400] OK
safefile(/etc/mail/relay-domains, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6580, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
No such file or directory
safefile(/etc/mail/service.switch, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6480, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 400] OK
safefile(/etc/mail/service.switch, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6480, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 400] OK
safedirpath(/var/spool/mqueue, uid=0, gid=0, flags=4, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /var/spool/mqueue] OK
safefile(/etc/mail/service.switch, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6480, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=6580, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 100644, mode 400] OK
safefile(/etc/mail/aliases.db, uid=0, gid=0, flags=584, mode=400):
safedirpath(/etc/mail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=584, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /etc/mail] OK
[uid 110, nlink 1, stat 100640, mode 400] OK
safedirpath(/home/username, uid=1000, gid=1000, flags=1985, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /home/username] OK
safefile(/home/username/.forward.major-productions, uid=1000, gid=1000, flags=1895, mode=400):
No such file or directory
safedirpath(/home/username, uid=1000, gid=1000, flags=1985, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /home/username] OK
safefile(/home/username/.forward, uid=1000, gid=1000, flags=1895, mode=400):
No such file or directory
safefile(./dfx6MKLN6r006080, uid=0, gid=0, flags=2040, mode=600):
safedirpath(., uid=0, gid=0, flags=2040, level=0, offset=0):
[dir .] OK
No such file or directory
[final dir . uid 0 mode 40700] Success
username... Connecting to local...
safefile(/usr/sbin/sensible-mda, uid=0, gid=0, flags=41904, mode=0):
safedirpath(/usr/sbin, uid=0, gid=0, flags=41904, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /usr/sbin] OK
[uid 0, nlink 1, stat 104755, mode 0] OK
username... Sent
safefile(/var/lib/sendmail/sendmail.st, uid=0, gid=0, flags=2282, mode=600):
safedirpath(/var/lib/sendmail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=2282, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /var/lib/sendmail] OK
No such file or directory
safefile(/var/lib/sendmail/sendmail.st, uid=0, gid=0, flags=2282, mode=600):
safedirpath(/var/lib/sendmail, uid=0, gid=0, flags=2282, level=0, offset=0):
[dir /var/lib/sendmail] OK
No such file or directory
答案1
$ which sendmail不返回任何內容。
sendmail 不是安裝在非特權使用者中PATH=>您觀察到預期/正常結果。
sendmail預計由其他程式執行，例如mail使用完整/絕對路徑的程式。
- 無法寫入佇列目錄 /var/spool/mqueue-client/ （RunAsGid=115，required=0）：權限被拒絕
修復/var/spool/mqueue-client權限和所有權
chown smmsp:smmsp /var/spool/mqueue-client`
chmod 02770 /var/spool/mqueue-client`
現代 SENDMAIL 不需要設定安裝為SET ROOT ID
ls -l --dereference /usr/sbin/sendmail查看問題評論中的結果：
-r-sr-sr-t 1 root smmsp 860672 Sep 15 2018 /usr/sbin/sendmail
更改Debian 中最終目標/usr/sbin/sendmail和連結的權限：/etc/alternatives
chmod u-s /usr/lib/sm.bin/sendmail
答案2
如果你運行這個，它會起作用嗎：
echo "Subject: sendmail test" | sudo sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail -v [email protected]
差別在於您以 root 身分執行 echo，而不是 sendmail。
因此，訊息：“(RunAsGid=115，required=0)：權限被拒絕”
「115」是您的用戶的群組 ID，它需要「0」（即根）