這可能是我在 Linux 上遇到過的最困難的挑戰。我從未想過發送和接收無處不在的電子郵件是如此複雜！
按照本教程使用 Postfix、Dovecot、MySQL 和 RoundCube 在 CentOS 8 上設定郵件伺服器，在我之前的嘗試失敗後，我一直在嘗試創建一個郵件伺服器，因為這似乎創建了一個完整的電子郵件套件。我已經按照教程仔細檢查了所有步驟，包括 dovecot、postfix、php、mysql 和 RoundCube 安裝和配置，但仍然無法登入 RoundCube。在設定中，我使用 mysql 來儲存郵件使用者。資料庫和表格以及使用者和一切都已正確設定。錯誤說：
與儲存伺服器的連線失敗。
我目前的Roundcube config.inc.php如下：
/* Local configuration for Roundcube Webmail */
$config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysql://roundcube:PassWord@localhost/roundcubemail';
$config['default_host'] = 'ssl://mail.example.com';
$config['support_url'] = '';
$config['default_port'] = 143;
$config['des_key'] = 'AQI98mYP4asPYRIGW6dm4Pj5';
$config['plugins'] = array();
$config['language'] = 'en_US';
$config['spellcheck_engine'] = 'pspell';
//-----------
// SMTP
$config['smtp_server'] = 'ssl://mail.example.com';
$config['smtp_port'] = 587;
$config['smtp_user'] = '%u';
$config['smtp_pass'] = '%p';
$config['smtp_auth_type'] = 'LOGIN';
$config['debug_level'] = 1;
$config['smtp_debug'] = true;
$config['plugins'] = array('virtuser_query');
$config['virtuser_query'] = "SELECT Email FROM postfix_accounts.accounts_table WHERE Email = '%u'";
系統上postfix和dovecot的目前狀態：
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-05-17 02:27:38 EDT; 2h 30min ago
Process: 969 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/postfix stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1012 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1010 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1006 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1087 (master)
Tasks: 7 (limit: 24008)
Memory: 26.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─ 1087 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─ 1089 qmgr -l -t unix -u
├─ 1393 tlsmgr -l -t unix -u
├─ 1394 anvil -l -t unix -u
├─ 7982 smtpd -n submission -t inet -u -o stress= -s 3 -o syslog_name=postfix/submission -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=no -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATINGmixed -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
├─13355 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─19712 smtpd -n smtp -t inet -u -o stress= -s 3
May 17 04:57:33 mail.example.com postfix/submission/smtpd[7982]: connect from unknown[45.142.195.14]
May 17 04:57:35 mail.example.com postfix/smtpd[19712]: disconnect from unknown[45.142.195.13] ehlo=1 auth=0/1 rset=1 quit=1 commands=3/4
May 17 04:57:44 mail.example.com postfix/submission/smtpd[7982]: disconnect from unknown[45.142.195.14] ehlo=1 auth=0/1 rset=0/1 quit=1 commands=2/4
May 17 04:57:59 mail.example.com postfix/submission/smtpd[7982]: connect from unknown[45.142.195.14]
May 17 04:58:01 mail.example.com postfix/anvil[1394]: statistics: max connection rate 3/60s for (submission:45.142.195.14) at May 17 04:49:05
May 17 04:58:01 mail.example.com postfix/anvil[1394]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (submission:45.142.195.14) at May 17 04:48:12
May 17 04:58:01 mail.example.com postfix/anvil[1394]: statistics: max cache size 2 at May 17 04:49:26
May 17 04:58:10 mail.example.com postfix/submission/smtpd[7982]: disconnect from unknown[45.142.195.14] ehlo=1 auth=0/1 rset=0/1 quit=1 commands=2/4
May 17 04:58:25 mail.example.com postfix/submission/smtpd[7982]: connect from unknown[45.142.195.14]
May 17 04:58:36 mail.example.com postfix/submission/smtpd[7982]: disconnect from unknown[45.142.195.14] ehlo=1 auth=0/1 rset=0/1 quit=1 commands=2/4
● dovecot.service - Dovecot IMAP/POP3 email server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-05-16 14:24:57 EDT; 14h ago
Docs: man:dovecot(1)
http://wiki2.dovecot.org/
Process: 16278 ExecStop=/usr/bin/doveadm stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 16322 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dovecot (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 16300 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/dovecot/prestartscript (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 16349 (dovecot)
Tasks: 5 (limit: 24008)
Memory: 6.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/dovecot.service
├─16349 /usr/sbin/dovecot
├─16373 dovecot/anvil
├─16374 dovecot/log
├─16376 dovecot/config
└─28350 dovecot/auth
May 17 02:05:48 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: pop3-login: Disconnected: Too many bad commands (no auth attempts in 0 secs): user=<>, rip=51.178.78.153, lip=178.238.237.150, session=<G9d61tGlquozsk6Z>
May 17 02:38:47 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: pop3-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 0 secs): user=<>, rip=45.136.108.68, lip=178.238.237.150, session=<nkZmTNKllActiGxE>
May 17 02:48:21 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: imap-login: Aborted login (no auth attempts in 7 secs): user=<>, rip=66.240.219.146, lip=178.238.237.150, session=<1QGqbtKlqKZC8NuS>
May 17 02:48:27 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: imap-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 0 secs): user=<>, rip=66.240.219.146, lip=178.238.237.150, TLS, session=<b2IFb9Kl8rBC8NuS>
May 17 02:48:28 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: imap-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 0 secs): user=<>, rip=66.240.219.146, lip=178.238.237.150, TLS handshaking: SSL_accept() failed: error:142090FC:SSL routines:tls_early_post_process_client_hello:unknown protocol, session=<psUVb9Kl9LFC8NuS>
May 17 02:51:01 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: imap-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 156 secs): user=<>, rip=66.240.219.146, lip=178.238.237.150, TLS: Disconnected, session=<J9o0eNKlgK9C8NuS>
May 17 04:02:06 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: pop3-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 0 secs): user=<>, rip=45.136.108.23, lip=178.238.237.150, session=<knxgdtOlaActiGwX>
May 17 04:17:12 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: imap-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 0 secs): user=<>, rip=127.0.0.1, lip=127.0.0.1, TLS handshaking: SSL_accept() failed: error:14094418:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:tlsv1 alert unknown ca: SSL alert number 48, session=</91qrNOlDJB/AAAB>
May 17 04:17:35 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: imap-login: Disconnected (no auth attempts in 0 secs): user=<>, rip=127.0.0.1, lip=127.0.0.1, TLS handshaking: SSL_accept() failed: error:14094418:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:tlsv1 alert unknown ca: SSL alert number 48, session=<5ILKrdOlDpB/AAAB>
May 17 04:24:38 mail.example.com dovecot[16374]: pop3-login: Disconnected (tried to use disallowed plaintext auth): user=<[email protected]>, rip=185.234.219.224, lip=178.238.237.150, session=<GZ32xtOl+re56tvg>
我真的希望有一個單一的解決方案，而不是必須插入這麼多的具體細節來啟動和運行一個簡單的郵件伺服器！
有人知道問題是什麼？
附言。
由於某種原因 SSL 不起作用，所以我在 RoundCube 配置中將 default_host 更改為 localhost，還在 /etc/postfix/master.cf 中註釋了下面的兩行
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
現在，RoundCube 正在工作，儘管我似乎無法接收 Gmail 的電子郵件。雖然我已經為 postfix 指定了 key 和 crt 文件，但由於某種原因它不起作用：
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mykey.key ##SSL Key
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/mycertificate.crt
所以，這就是我現在所擁有的一切！我希望有人能為此提供更好的解決方案，而不僅僅是停用 SSL。
答案1
這可能對您有用。
$config['smtp_user'] = '';
$config['smtp_pass'] = '';