我知道在 Linux 機器上,如果一個進程能夠獲得 root 權限,它就可以存取它通常無法存取的檔案系統的部分內容。
我想問一個 root 的 Linux 進程是否可以檢查系統上任何其他進程的記憶體?因此,如果我有一個進程在其堆疊或堆疊中包含秘密,那麼根進程是否能夠存取它,如果是,它將如何做到這一點?
(無論是誰回答,也可以考慮 root shell 進程;我只關心具有 root 存取權限的進程)
答案1
是的,你可以,例如,請參閱這個答案 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12977179/reading-living-process-memory-without-interrupting-it
或玩/dev/<pid>/mem
或/dev/kmem
像這樣
例如使用這段程式碼,根使用者可以讀取主機上任何進程的記憶體。
#! /usr/bin/env python
import re
import sys
print(sys.argv[1] + ".dump")
maps_file = open("/proc/"+ sys.argv[1] + "/maps", 'r')
mem_file = open("/proc/" + sys.argv[1] + "/mem", 'rb', 0)
output_file = open(sys.argv[1] + ".dump", 'wb')
for line in maps_file.readlines(): # for each mapped region
m = re.match(r'([0-9A-Fa-f]+)-([0-9A-Fa-f]+) ([-r])', line)
if m.group(3) == 'r': # if this is a readable region
start = int(m.group(1), 16)
end = int(m.group(2), 16)
mem_file.seek(start) # seek to region start
chunk = mem_file.read(end - start) # read region contents
output_file.write(chunk) # dump contents to standard output
maps_file.close()
mem_file.close()
output_file.close()
ptrace
另請參閱和的使用gdb
,這些工具旨在即時執行此操作。
答案2
是的。
根功能已被破壞。現在,一個進程可以擁有它們的子集(包括根沒有)。
透過查看功能手冊頁,我們可以看到 root 可以(通常)做什麼。
我包括一個很少這裡:
CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
Bypass file read, write, and execute permission checks. (DAC
is an abbreviation of "discretionary access control".)
CAP_KILL
Bypass permission checks for sending signals (see kill(2)).
This includes use of the ioctl(2) KDSIGACCEPT operation.
CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
Bind a socket to Internet domain privileged ports (port
numbers less than 1024).
CAP_SYS_MODULE
* Load and unload kernel modules (see init_module(2) and
delete_module(2));
* in kernels before 2.6.25: drop capabilities from the system-
wide capability bounding set.
CAP_SYS_TIME
Set system clock (settimeofday(2), stime(2), adjtimex(2)); set
real-time (hardware) clock.
CAP_SYS_RAWIO
* Perform I/O port operations (iopl(2) and ioperm(2));
* access /proc/kcore;
* employ the FIBMAP ioctl(2) operation;
* open devices for accessing x86 model-specific registers
(MSRs, see msr(4));
* update /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr;
* create memory mappings at addresses below the value
specified by /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr;
* map files in /proc/bus/pci;
* open /dev/mem and /dev/kmem;
* perform various SCSI device commands;
* perform certain operations on hpsa(4) and cciss(4) devices;
* perform a range of device-specific operations on other
devices.
此處顯示的模組CAP_SYS_MODULE
可用於載入可以執行此操作的核心模組;CAP_SYS_RAWIO
可以用來打開/dev/mem
;還有其他具有其他功能的方法,包括ptrace
.