我有 Ubuntu 22.04 伺服器，運行在Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v3 @ 2.60GHz
當嘗試安裝軟體包時，apt 抱怨取消依賴項並建議運行apt --fix-broken install：
# apt install vim
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libpam-modules : PreDepends: libpam-modules-bin (= 1.4.0-11ubuntu2) but 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.1 is to be installed
vim : Depends: vim-runtime (= 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.3) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libsodium23 (>= 1.0.14) but it is not going to be installed
但是當我運行它時，我總是收到非法指令和核心轉儲
# apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin
The following packages will be upgraded:
libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 98 not upgraded.
7 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 318 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 http://pl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpam-modules-bin amd64 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3 [37.6 kB]
Get:2 http://pl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpam-modules amd64 1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3 [280 kB]
Fetched 318 kB in 0s (1,959 kB/s)
Illegal instruction (core dumped)
(Reading database ... 144899 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-modules-bin_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpam-modules-bin (1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3) over (1.4.0-11ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up libpam-modules-bin (1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3) ...
(Reading database ... 144899 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libpam-modules_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpam-modules_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb (--unpack):
new libpam-modules:amd64 package pre-installation script subprocess was killed by signal (Illegal instruction), core dumped
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libpam-modules_1.4.0-11ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
有趣的是，其他一些程式也無法運作，拋出非法指令錯誤，例如：
# man
man: c!n'�(mxol Ehe(manpath coJfigura4i/n gilG +eTc/�enpiticon`ig
Illegal instruction (core dumped)
我試圖在互聯網上尋找解決方案，但幾乎沒有任何資訊。人們看到「非法指令」的所有情況都是當他們嘗試執行錯誤編譯的程式碼時（例如針對錯誤的 CPU 架構）。但在這裡，我只是嘗試在相當常見的 Intel CPU 上運行公共 Ubuntu 儲存庫提供的一些二進位。到底是怎麼回事？損壞的檔案系統會產生此類錯誤（例如實體磁碟損壞）嗎？還是跟CPU有關？
我的lscpu：
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes: 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 32
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-31
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v3 @ 2.60GHz
CPU family: 6
Model: 63
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 8
Socket(s): 2
Stepping: 2
CPU max MHz: 3400.0000
CPU min MHz: 1200.0000
BogoMIPS: 5200.49
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonst
op_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm cpuid_f
ault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm xsaveopt cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc dtherm ida arat pln pts md_clea
r flush_l1d
Virtualization features:
Virtualization: VT-x
Caches (sum of all):
L1d: 512 KiB (16 instances)
L1i: 512 KiB (16 instances)
L2: 4 MiB (16 instances)
L3: 40 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA:
NUMA node(s): 2
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31
Vulnerabilities:
Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: VMX disabled
L1tf: Mitigation; PTE Inversion; VMX conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
Mds: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Meltdown: Mitigation; PTI
Mmio stale data: Mitigation; Clear CPU buffers; SMT vulnerable
Retbleed: Not affected
Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Spectre v1: Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Spectre v2: Mitigation; Retpolines, IBPB conditional, IBRS_FW, STIBP conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected
Srbds: Not affected
Tsx async abort: Not affected
作業系統:
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy