透過運行將作業系統升級到 Ubuntu 16.04.6do-release-upgrade似乎在某些時候出現錯誤，因為軟體包無法再升級 - 我們在運行各種命令時看到此錯誤：
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-170-generic
sync: invalid option -- 'f'
例如：運行sudo apt-get upgrade：
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 152 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ... 39291 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic (3.13.0-101.148) ...
depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-3.13.0-101-generic: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.13.0-101-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-101-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-101-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-101-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-101-generic
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_82eRAE/lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_82eRAE/lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
sync: invalid option -- 'f'
Try 'sync --help' for more information.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
自動刪除以相同的方式失敗：
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 152 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ... 39291 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic (3.13.0-101.148) ...
depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-3.13.0-101-generic: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.13.0-101-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-101-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-101-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-101-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-101-generic
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_6lLSTG/lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_6lLSTG/lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
sync: invalid option -- 'f'
Try 'sync --help' for more information.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
dpkg也有問題：
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
Setting up linux-firmware (1.157.21) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-170-generic
sync: invalid option -- 'f'
Try 'sync --help' for more information.
dpkg: error processing package linux-firmware (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-firmware
磁碟空間似乎沒問題：
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 388M 4.0K 388M 1% /dev
tmpfs 81M 532K 81M 1% /run
/dev/xvda1 8.8G 4.7G 3.6G 57% /
none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none 404M 0 404M 0% /run/shm
none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 81M 0 81M 0% /run/user/1000
Clean 已經完成了它的工作：
$ sudo apt-get autoclean
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
作業系統是
$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="16.04.6 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
這是核心損壞嗎？可以採取任何措施來挽救伺服器嗎？
更新
按照建議，我運行了sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic以下結果：
$ sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic
(Reading database ... 39291 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic (3.13.0-101.148) ...
depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-3.13.0-101-generic: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.13.0-101-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-101-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-101-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-101-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-101-generic
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_9Tbcam/lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_9Tbcam/lib/modules/3.13.0-101-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
sync: invalid option -- 'f'
Try 'sync --help' for more information.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-101-generic