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使用具有多個鍵、文字和數字的 GNU 排序

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使用具有多個鍵、文字和數字的 GNU 排序

我有一些郵件日誌摘錄，我想先按電子郵件地址排序，然後按日期排序。

輸入資料範例：

$ cat test3.txt
Oct 10 14:00:00 [email protected] bounced
Oct 10 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 14:30:00 [email protected] bounced
Oct 10 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 9 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 9 14:00:00 [email protected] bounced
Oct 10 12:30:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 13:30:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 9 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred

目前版本中的檔案以空格分隔。所以我想要的是先按第四列排序，然後按第一列（如月份）、第二列（數字）和第三列（我猜是數字，除非時間戳需要特殊處理）。最好的嘗試：

$ sort -k 4,4 -k 1,1M -nk 2 test3.txt
Oct 9 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 9 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 9 14:00:00 [email protected] bounced
Oct 10 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 12:30:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 13:30:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 14:00:00 [email protected] bounced
Oct 10 14:30:00 [email protected] bounced

如果我只包含“-k 4,4”鍵參數，它會根據電子郵件進行排序，但當我添加其他鍵時，它似乎會被忽略。為簡單起見，在此範例中可以忽略第一列；問題仍然存在，因為第二列的排序優先於第四列。

我究竟做錯了什麼？

答案1

如有疑問，請使用--debug標誌：

xb@dnxb:/tmp$ sort -k 4,4 -k 1,1M -nk 2 test3.txt --debug
sort: using ‘en_SG.UTF-8’ sorting rules
sort: key 3 is numeric and spans multiple fields
Oct 9 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
               ^ no match for key
___
    _
_________________________________________
Oct 9 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred
               ^ no match for key
___
    _
_________________________________________
Oct 9 14:00:00 [email protected] bounced
               ^ no match for key
___
    _
________________________________________

這應該有效：

xb@dnxb:/tmp$ sort -b -k4,4 -k1M -k2n -k3n test3.txt --debug
sort: using ‘en_SG.UTF-8’ sorting rules
sort: key 3 is numeric and spans multiple fields
sort: key 4 is numeric and spans multiple fields
Oct 10 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
                ________________
___
    __
       __
_________________________________________
Oct 10 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred
                ________________
___
    __
       __
_________________________________________

...

xb@dnxb:/tmp$ sort -b -k4,4 -k1M -k2n -k3n test3.txt
Oct 10 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 14:00:00 [email protected] bounced
Oct 10 12:30:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 13:30:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 10 14:30:00 [email protected] bounced
Oct 9 12:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 9 13:00:00 [email protected] deferred
Oct 9 14:00:00 [email protected] bounced
xb@dnxb:/tmp$

你-nk 2錯了，如上所述info sort：

A position in a sort field specified with ‘-k’ may have any of the
option letters ‘MbdfghinRrV’ appended to it, in which case no global
ordering options are inherited by that particular field.

所以選項字母 n應附加到k及其位置。順序很重要。

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