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dpkg / apt-get 衝突訊息

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dpkg / apt-get 衝突訊息

當我運行時dpkg -l，我會得到已安裝軟體包的列表，並將其與我嘗試重現的“模型”系統進行比較。例如emacs23，該清單中出現了幾個我希望刪除的軟體包。但是，當我運行時apt-get remove emacs23，我被告知該emacs23軟體包尚未安裝：

# apt-get -y remove emacs23
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package emacs23 is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 97 not upgraded.

跑步apt-get update沒有幫助：

更新資訊：

# dpkg -l emacs23
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version        Description
+++-==============-==============-============================================
rc  emacs23        23.3+1-1ubuntu The GNU Emacs editor (with GTK+ user interfa

# apt-cache policy emacs23
emacs23:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 23.3+1-1ubuntu9.2
  Version table:
     23.3+1-1ubuntu9.2 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     23.3+1-1ubuntu9.1 0
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security/main amd64 Packages
     23.3+1-1ubuntu9 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages

# dpkg -l | grep emacs23
rc  emacs23                          23.3+1-1ubuntu9.2                   The GNU Emacs editor (with GTK+ user interface)

我該如何解決這種明顯的混亂？

答案1

從man dpkg：

   -l, --list [package-name-pattern...]
          List  packages  matching given pattern. If no package-name-pattern is given, list all packages in /var/lib/dpkg/status, excluding the
          ones marked as not-installed (i.e. those which have been previously purged).

這意味著dpkg-l列出了所有未淨化的包，以及不是一切已安裝包裹；

事實上，from man dpkg-query（作為dpkg -l前端）：

          Desired action:
            u = Unknown
            i = Install
            h = Hold
            r = Remove
            p = Purge

          Package status:
            n = Not-installed
            c = Config-files
            H = Half-installed
            U = Unpacked
            F = Half-configured
            W = Triggers-awaiting
            t = Triggers-pending
            i = Installed

這意味著rc在該行的開頭意味著：

  • r：該包的所需操作是：「刪除」；
  • c：包的狀態是：僅存在設定檔；

由於您想要重現現有系統，因此rc應清除未出現在「模型」系統中的具有所需操作/狀態組合的套件：

sudo apt-get purge emacs23

作為副作用，這些包甚至不會再彈出dpkg -l。

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