Wie stellt man komplexe Zahlen mit polarer Form dar?

Wie stellt man komplexe Zahlen mit polarer Form dar?

Ich möchte die folgende Abbildung in LaTeX zeichnen und habe dabei ein paar Schwierigkeiten. Wie kann ich das machen?

Bildbeschreibung hier eingeben

%\usepackage[dvips,pdftex]{graphicx}

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}%
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage[dvips]{epsfig}
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[brazil]{babel}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{cancel}
\usepackage[unicode=true,bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarksopen=true,breaklinks=true,backref=true,linkcolor=black,colorlinks=true]%
{hyperref}%
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{30}
%TCIDATA{OutputFilter=latex2.dll}
%TCIDATA{Version=5.50.0.2953}
%TCIDATA{LastRevised=Thursday, March 14, 2019 23:50:47}
%TCIDATA{<META NAME="GraphicsSave" CONTENT="32">}
%TCIDATA{<META NAME="SaveForMode" CONTENT="1">}
%TCIDATA{BibliographyScheme=Manual}
%BeginMSIPreambleData
\providecommand{\U}[1]{\protect\rule{.1in}{.1in}}
%EndMSIPreambleData
\setlength{\topmargin}{-1.5cm} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.0cm}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.0cm} \setlength{\textheight}{24cm}
\setlength{\textwidth}{16.5cm}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.25}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\[\]
\begin{center}
%\tiny,\small,\large,\Large,\LARGE, \huge,\Huge,\HUGE
{ \Large \sc Universidade Federal do Maranhão}
\vskip 0.5cm
{ \Large \sc Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia}
\vskip 0.5cm {\Large \sc Matheus Rodrigues Linhares Guimarães}
\vskip 3 cm {\LARGE \sc \textbf{VARIÁVEIS COMPLEXAS}}
\begin{figure}[H]
    \centering
    \[
    \includegraphics[width=100mm]{./Figuras/capa5.png}
    \]
\end{figure}

\vskip 2cm
\vfill
{\sc 2019.1}
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}%


\end{document}

Wie setze ich den Code nach dem Erstellen an die Stelle von \begin {figure} [H]\centering\[\includegraphics [width = 100mm] {./Figures/layer5.png}]\end {figure}, sodass ich keine Figuren brauche?

Antwort1

Notiz:Die Codes sind meiner Meinung nach in "qualitätsaufsteigender" Reihenfolge angeordnet, d.h. der beste ist der letzte.


So was?

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};
\draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);
\coordinate (a) at (80:3);
\coordinate (b) at (3,0);
\coordinate (m) at (25:2);
\coordinate (n) at (-95:2);
\coordinate (p) at (145:2);
\coordinate (o) at (0,0);
\fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);
\draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{i\theta}$};
\draw (b) node[below] {$|z|$};
\draw (2,0) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}$};
\draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i\theta/3}$};
\draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+4\pi)/3}$};
\draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+2\pi)/3}$};
\draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};
\draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};
\draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);
\draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;
\pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$\theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Bildbeschreibung hier eingeben

Verbesserte Version:

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles,positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]
\draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};
\draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);
\coordinate (a) at (80:3);
\coordinate (b) at (3,0);
\coordinate (m) at (25:2);
\coordinate (n) at (-95:2);
\coordinate (p) at (145:2);
\coordinate (o) at (0,0);
\draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{i\theta}$};
\draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};
\draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};
\draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i\theta/3}$};
\draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+4\pi)/3}$};
\draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+2\pi)/3}$};
\draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};
\draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};
\draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);
\draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;
\end{scope}
\pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$\theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};
\fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Bildbeschreibung hier eingeben

Dank an@Murmeltier, ich denke, diese Zahl ist mathematisch wahrer ;-)

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles,positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]
\draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};
\draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);
\coordinate (a) at (80:3);
\coordinate (b) at (3,0);
\coordinate (m) at (80/3:2);
\coordinate (n) at ({80/3-120}:2);
\coordinate (p) at ({80/3+120}:2);
\coordinate (o) at (0,0);
\draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{i\theta}$};
\draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};
\draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};
\draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i\theta/3}$};
\draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+4\pi)/3}$};
\draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+2\pi)/3}$};
\draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};
\draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};
\draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);
\draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;
\end{scope}
\pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$\theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};
\fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Bildbeschreibung hier eingeben

Eine andere Wahl: \Imanstelle von Imund \Reanstelle vonRe (@Sebastiano's Anfrage):

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles,positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]
\draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$\Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$\Re$};
\draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);
\coordinate (a) at (80:3);
\coordinate (b) at (3,0);
\coordinate (m) at (80/3:2);
\coordinate (n) at ({80/3-120}:2);
\coordinate (p) at ({80/3+120}:2);
\coordinate (o) at (0,0);
\draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{i\theta}$};
\draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};
\draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};
\draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i\theta/3}$};
\draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+4\pi)/3}$};
\draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+2\pi)/3}$};
\draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};
\draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};
\draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);
\draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;
\end{scope}
\pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$\theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};
\fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Bildbeschreibung hier eingeben

Dank an@JasperHabichtIndiese Antwort, jetzt kann ich den Trennraum zwischen Knotentexten und der Zeile optimieren:

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles,positioning}
\usepackage[outline]{contour}
\contourlength{2pt}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$\Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$\Re$};
\draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);
\coordinate (a) at (80:3);
\coordinate (b) at (3,0);
\coordinate (m) at (80/3:2);
\coordinate (n) at ({80/3-120}:2);
\coordinate (p) at ({80/3+120}:2);
\coordinate (o) at (0,0);
\draw (a) node[above right] {\contour{white}{$z=|z|e^{i\theta}$}};
\draw (b) node[below right] {\contour{white}{$|z|$}};
\draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {\contour{white}{$|z|^{1/3}$}};
\draw (m) node[right] {\contour{white}{$|z|^{1/3}e^{i\theta/3}$}};
\draw (n) node[below] {\contour{white}{$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+4\pi)/3}$}};
\draw (p) node[above] {\contour{white}{$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+2\pi)/3}$}};
\draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {\contour{white}{$i$}};
\draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {\contour{white}{$1$}};
\draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);
\draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;
\pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$\theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};
\fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Bildbeschreibung hier eingeben


Ihr Code kann aufgrund eines Konflikts (?) zwischen babelund nicht kompiliert werden quotes(ich weiß nicht, ob das stimmt).

Wir können das Problem beheben, indem wir Folgendes nicht quotesmehr verwenden:

%\usepackage[dvips,pdftex]{graphicx}

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}%
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage[dvips]{epsfig}
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[brazil]{babel}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{cancel}
\usepackage[unicode=true,bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarksopen=true,breaklinks=true,backref=true,linkcolor=black,colorlinks=true]%
{hyperref}%
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{30}
%TCIDATA{OutputFilter=latex2.dll}
%TCIDATA{Version=5.50.0.2953}
%TCIDATA{LastRevised=Thursday, March 14, 2019 23:50:47}
%TCIDATA{<META NAME="GraphicsSave" CONTENT="32">}
%TCIDATA{<META NAME="SaveForMode" CONTENT="1">}
%TCIDATA{BibliographyScheme=Manual}
%BeginMSIPreambleData
\providecommand{\U}[1]{\protect\rule{.1in}{.1in}}
%EndMSIPreambleData
\setlength{\topmargin}{-1.5cm} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.0cm}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0.0cm} \setlength{\textheight}{24cm}
\setlength{\textwidth}{16.5cm}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.25}
\usetikzlibrary{angles,positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\vspace{1cm}
\begin{center}
%\tiny,\small,\large,\Large,\LARGE, \huge,\Huge,\HUGE
{ \Large \sc Universidade Federal do Maranhão}
\vskip 0.5cm
{ \Large \sc Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia}
\vskip 0.5cm {\Large \sc Matheus Rodrigues Linhares Guimarães}
\vskip 3 cm {\LARGE \sc \textbf{VARIAVEIS COMPLEXAS}}

\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]
\draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};
\draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);
\coordinate (a) at (80:3);
\coordinate (b) at (3,0);
\coordinate (m) at (80/3:2);
\coordinate (n) at ({80/3-120}:2);
\coordinate (p) at ({80/3+120}:2);
\coordinate (o) at (0,0);
\draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{i\theta}$};
\draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};
\draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};
\draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i\theta/3}$};
\draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+4\pi)/3}$};
\draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(\theta+2\pi)/3}$};
\draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};
\draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};
\draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);
\draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;
\end{scope}
\pic[draw,dashed,thick,angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};
\draw (45:0.8) node[above right] {$\theta$};
\fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

\vskip 2cm
\vfill
{\sc 2019.1}
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}%


\end{document}

Bildbeschreibung hier eingeben

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