Se ignoran los corchetes en el entorno de ecuaciones

Se ignoran los corchetes en el entorno de ecuaciones

Mi problema es que todos los paréntesis dentro de un entorno de ecuación se ignoran en mis archivos PDF resultantes. No tengo idea de dónde está el problema, pero debe tener algo que ver con los paquetes que estoy cargando.

Encuentre un MWE a continuación:

\documentclass[
    bibliography=totoc, % Add the bibliography to the TOC
    listof=totoc,      % Add the "List of *" to the TOC
    %final              % Set document status as FINAL
    %draft              % Set document status as DRAFT: Faster, skips some stuff (e.g. referencing)
]{scrbook}              % scrbook defaults: a4paper, twoside, openright, 11pt

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Requirements

% Color
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}

% TIKZ
\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{external} % Externalizes Tikz graphics - speeds up compilation if unchanged.
    \usetikzlibrary{matrix,calc,positioning,shapes,shadows,arrows,fit,automata}

% If-Then statements
\usepackage{ifthen}
    \newboolean{publicationversion}
    \newboolean{DRing}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Page Geometry Layout
\usepackage[
        a4paper,
        top=35mm,
        bottom=40mm,
        inner=35mm,
        outer=40mm,
        bindingoffset=5mm,
        marginparsep=5mm,
        marginparwidth=40mm,
        %showframe  % Can be enabled to debug the page geometry
    ]{geometry}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Header & Footer

\usepackage[
        headsepline,
        footsepline,
        draft=false     % Draft mode adds "ruler" instead of header/footer, we never want that!
    ]{scrlayer-scrpage}

% Style
\renewcommand*{\chaptermarkformat}{\chapapp~\thechapter:\enskip}% Put "chapter" oder "appendix" in front of the chapter number in running head
\clearpairofpagestyles
\ohead{\headmark}
\automark[chapter]{chapter}
\automark*[section]{}
\ofoot*{\pagemark}
\pagestyle{scrheadings}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Fancy Chapter Titles (rectangle, large number,.. )

\usepackage[Lenny]{fncychap}

% Modify `Lenny` style to also cover Abstract/Appendicies/...
\makeatletter
\newlength{\backskip}
\renewcommand{\DOTIS}[1]{%
    \settowidth{\px}{\CNV{#1}}
    \addtolength{\px}{2pt}
    \settoheight{\py}{\CNV{#1}}
    \addtolength{\py}{1pt}
    \settowidth{\mylen}{\CNV{#1}}
    \addtolength{\mylen}{1pt}
    \settoheight{\pyy}{\CNoV\thechapter}
    \addtolength{\pyy}{-2pt}
    \setlength{\myhi}{\pyy}
    \addtolength{\myhi}{-1\py}
    \par
    \parbox[b]{\textwidth}{%
    \rule[\py]{\RW}{\myhi}%
    \hskip -\RW%
    \rule[\pyy]{\px}{\RW}%TOP1
    \hskip -\px%
    \raggedright%
    \CNV{#1}%
    \hskip1pt%
    \mghrulefill{\RW}%
    \rule{\RW}{\pyy}\par\nobreak%
    \vskip -\baselineskip%
    \vskip -\pyy%
    \hskip \mylen%
    \mghrulefill{\RW}\par\nobreak%
    \vskip \pyy}%
    \vskip 20\p@}
\makeatother

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Captions for Figures
\usepackage[
        font={small},
        labelfont={small,bf}
    ]{caption}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% TOC: Mini TOC, e.g., at beginning of chapters.
\usepackage{etoc}
\newcommand{\chaptertoc}[1][Contents]{%
    \etocsettocstyle{\addsec*{#1\\[-12pt]\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}}}{}%
    \etocsetnexttocdepth{2}%
    \localtableofcontents%
    \noindent\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}%
    \bigskip{}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    
% PDF Links 
\usepackage[
        bookmarksdepth=3,   % bookmark levels in the PDF.
        bookmarksnumbered   % Show section numbering in bookmark
    ]{hyperref}
    
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% ToDo Notes
\usepackage[
        colorinlistoftodos,
        textsize=footnotesize,
        obeyDraft
    ]{todonotes}

% ToDo style
\makeatletter
    \tikzstyle{notestyleraw}=[
      draw=\@todonotes@currentbordercolor,
      fill=\@todonotes@currentbackgroundcolor,
      line width=0.5pt,
      text width=\@[email protected],
      inner sep=0.8ex
    ]
\makeatother

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Glossary / Acronym List
\usepackage[nomain,
        acronym,
        shortcuts,      % short commands: \Ac,\ac,\Acl,\acl,\Acs,\acs,\Acf,\acf
        nopostdot,      % no dot at end of each entry
        nogroupskip     % no spacing between groups (same first letter)
    ]{glossaries}

% Glossary style
\newglossarystyle{mylong}{%
    \setglossarystyle{long}%
    \renewenvironment{theglossary}{\begin{longtable}[l]{lp{.8\linewidth}}}{\end{longtable}}%
    \renewcommand{\glsnamefont}[1]{\textbf{##1}}%
    \renewcommand{\glossentry}[2]{%
        \glsentryitem{##1}\glstarget{##1}{\glossentryname{##1}} &
        \Glossentrydesc{##1}\glspostdescription\space ##2\tabularnewline
    }%
}

% Additional commands that are safe to use in headlines & captions (Hyperref/TOC context).
\newcommand{\AcfHeadline}[1]{\texorpdfstring{\Glsentryfull{#1}}{#1}}
\newcommand{\acfHeadline}[1]{\texorpdfstring{\glsentryfull{#1}}{#1}}
\newcommand{\AclHeadline}[1]{\texorpdfstring{\Glsentrylong{#1}}{#1}}
\newcommand{\aclHeadline}[1]{\texorpdfstring{\glsentrylong{#1}}{#1}}
\newcommand{\acsHeadline}[1]{\texorpdfstring{\glsentryshort{#1}}{#1}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Bibliography / Citing
\usepackage[
        backend=biber,
        style=numeric, %alphabetic,
        sorting=none,
        minnames=4,
        maxnames=10
    ]{biblatex}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Content Stuff
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{framed}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Math stuff
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{stmaryrd} % e.g. llbracket
\usepackage{MnSymbol} % e.g. llangle

% Theorem, Definition, etc. environments
\usepackage[framed]{ntheorem}
    % Definition
        \makeatletter
        \newtheoremstyle{angularbreak}
            {\item[\rlap{\vbox{\hbox{\hskip\labelsep \theorem@headerfont ##1\ ##2\theorem@separator}\hbox{\strut}}}]}%
            {\item[\rlap{\vbox{\hbox{\hskip\labelsep \theorem@headerfont ##1\ ##2\ \textlangle\,##3\,\textrangle\theorem@separator}\hbox{\strut}}}]}
        \makeatother
        \theoremstyle{angularbreak}
        \theoremsymbol{\ensuremath{\clubsuit}}
        \newframedtheorem{definition}{Definition}[chapter]
    % Lemma
        \theoremstyle{plain}
        \theoremsymbol{\ensuremath{\heartsuit}}
        %\theoremseparator{:}
        \newframedtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[chapter]
    % Theorem
        \theoremstyle{plain}
        \theoremheaderfont{\normalfont\bfseries}\theorembodyfont{\slshape}
        \theoremsymbol{\ensuremath{\diamondsuit}}
        %\theoremseparator{:}
        \newframedtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[chapter]
    % Proof
        \theoremstyle{nonumberplain}
        \theoremheaderfont{\normalfont\bfseries}\theorembodyfont{\upshape}
        \theoremsymbol{\rule{1ex}{1ex}}
        \theoremseparator{}
        \newtheorem{proof}{Proof}[chapter]

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Code stuff
\usepackage{listings}           % Code Listings
    \usepackage{lstautogobble}  % Automatically ignore white-space based on first line.

\usepackage[ruled,linesnumbered]{algorithm2e}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Set PDF attributes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\makeatletter
\hypersetup{
    pdftitle = {\@title},
    pdfauthor= {\@author}
}
\makeatother

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %
% -MAIN DOCUMENT------------------------------------------------------------- %
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------- %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Custom packages
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{chronosys}
\usepackage{subfig}
\usepackage[super]{nth}

% Custom packages that need to be loaded to suppress warnings
\usepackage{scrhack}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{bookmark}

\begin{document}
Test 1
\begin{equation}
A(x) = 5
\end{equation}
Test 2

\end{document}

El resultado se puede ver a continuación: Rendimiento esperado

Espero que los paréntesis también estén presentes en el resultado.

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