그림이 3D로 보이도록 과거 원뿔의 일부를 투명하게 만들려면 어떻게 해야 합니까?

Question

저는 최근에 tikz를 시작했는데 라벨이 붙은 부분을 어떻게 투명하게 만들 수 있는지 전혀 모르겠습니다! 누군가가 나를 도울 수 있기를 바랍니다. 미리 감사드립니다

\usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{45}
\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{-90}{180}{-90}
\begin{document} 
\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering

 \tikzset{surface/.style={draw=blue!70!black, fill=blue!40!white, fill opacity=.6}}

 \newcommand{\coneback}[4][]{
 \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (45-#4:#3) arc (45-#4:225+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
 }
 \newcommand{\conefront}[4][]{
 \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (45-#4:#3) arc (45-#4:-135+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
 }
 \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords, grid/.style={help lines,blue!40!white,opacity=0.2},scale=1]
  \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
   \fill[blue!40!white,opacity=0.5] (-4,-4,0) -- (-4,4,0) -- (4,4,0) -- (4,-4,0) -- cycle;
  
   \foreach \x in {-4,...,4}
     \foreach \y in {-4,...,4}
     {
         \draw[grid] (\x,-4) -- (\x,4);
         \draw[grid] (-4,\y) -- (4,\y);
     }
   \coneback[surface]{-3}{2}{-12}
   \conefront[surface]{-3}{2}{-12}
   \draw[->] (-4,0,0) -- (4,0,0) {};
   \draw[->] (0,-4,0) -- (0,4,0) {};
   \coneback[surface]{3}{2}{12}
   \draw[-,dashed] (0,0,-2.65) -- (0,0,2.65) node[above] {};
   \draw[-,dashed] (0,0,-4) -- (0,0,-3.35) node[above] {};
   \draw[->,dashed] (0,0,3.35) -- (0,0,4) node[above] {$time$};
   \conefront[surface]{3}{2}{12}
   \fill (4,0,2) circle (2pt) node[above right] {$C$};
   \fill (0,0,0) circle (2pt) {};
   \fill (-0.5,-0.85,2.2) circle (2pt) node[above left] {$A$};
   \fill (1.3,0.5,2) circle (2pt) node[above left] {$B$};
   \draw[->,red] (0,0,0) -- (4,0,2) node[below, pos=0.6, rotate=26.5651,scale=0.70,black] {$\textbf{spacelike vector}$};
   \draw[->,red] (0,0,0) -- (1.3,0.5,2) node[below, pos=0.65, rotate=55.1459,scale=0.70,black] {$\textbf{lightlike vector}$};
   \draw[->,red] (0,0,0) -- (-0.5,-0.85,2.2) node[above, pos=0.57, rotate=-65.8557,scale=0.70,black] {$\textbf{timelike vector}$};
   \node[black] at (0,0,3) {$Future\,\,Light\,\,Cone$};
   \node[black] at (0,0,-3) {$Past\,\,Light\,\,Cone$};
   \node[black] at (0,0.05,0.3) {$O$};
   \node[black] at (0,4.7,0) {$space$};
   \node[black] at (5,-0.3,0) {$space$};
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \caption{Light Cone in 2d Space plus a Time Dimension}
 \label{cone}
\end{figure}

Answer 1

아래쪽 원뿔을 먼저 그립니다. 그런 다음 평면을 그린 다음 위쪽 원뿔을 그립니다. 파란색 바탕에 파란색을 사용하면 앞에 무엇이 있는지 확인하기가 더 어려워지기 때문에 색 구성표를 변경하는 것도 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 추가 대비를 제공하기 위해 평면의 윤곽을 잡을 수 있습니다. 마지막으로 시간 축을 분할하여 과거 절반이 평면 앞에 그려지도록 하겠습니다.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering

 \tikzset{surface/.style={draw=blue!70!black, fill=blue!20!white, fill opacity=.6}}

 \newcommand{\coneback}[4][]{
 \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (45-#4:#3) arc (45-#4:225+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
 }
 \newcommand{\conefront}[4][]{
 \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (45-#4:#3) arc (45-#4:-135+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
 }
 \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords, grid/.style={help lines,violet!40!white,opacity=0.5},scale=1]
  \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
  
     \coneback[surface]{-3}{2}{-12}
   \conefront[surface]{-3}{2}{-12} 
  
   \fill[violet!40!white,opacity=0.5] (-4,-4,0) -- (-4,4,0) -- (4,4,0) -- (4,-4,0) -- cycle;
  
   \foreach \x in {-4,...,4}
     \foreach \y in {-4,...,4}
     {
         \draw[grid] (\x,-4) -- (\x,4);
         \draw[grid] (-4,\y) -- (4,\y);
         \draw[violet] (-4,4)--(-4,-4)--(4,-4)--(4,4)--cycle;
     }

   \draw[->] (-4,0,0) -- (4,0,0) {};
   \draw[->] (0,-4,0) -- (0,4,0) {};
   \coneback[surface]{3}{2}{12}
   \draw[-,dashed] (0,0,-2.65) -- (0,0,2.65) node[above] {};
   \draw[-,dashed] (0,0,-4) -- (0,0,-3.35) node[above] {};
   \draw[->,dashed] (0,0,3.35) -- (0,0,4) node[above] {$time$};
   \conefront[surface]{3}{2}{12}
   \fill (4,0,2) circle (2pt) node[above right] {$C$};
   \fill (0,0,0) circle (2pt) {};
   \fill (-0.5,-0.85,2.2) circle (2pt) node[above left] {$A$};
   \fill (1.3,0.5,2) circle (2pt) node[above left] {$B$};
   \draw[->,red] (0,0,0) -- (4,0,2) node[below, pos=0.6, rotate=26.5651,scale=0.70,black] {$\textbf{spacelike vector}$};
   \draw[->,red] (0,0,0) -- (1.3,0.5,2) node[below, pos=0.65, rotate=55.1459,scale=0.70,black] {$\textbf{lightlike vector}$};
   \draw[->,red] (0,0,0) -- (-0.5,-0.85,2.2) node[above, pos=0.57, rotate=-65.8557,scale=0.70,black] {$\textbf{timelike vector}$};
   \node[black] at (0,0,3) {$Future\,\,Light\,\,Cone$};
   \node[black] at (0,0,-3) {$Past\,\,Light\,\,Cone$};
   \node[black] at (0,0.05,0.3) {$O$};
   \node[black] at (0,4.7,0) {$space$};
   \node[black] at (5,-0.3,0) {$space$};
 \end{tikzpicture}
 \caption{Light Cone in 2d Space plus a Time Dimension}
 \label{cone}
\end{figure}