Como rotular citações como em muitos artigos de filosofia?

Question

É prática comum em muitos artigos de filosofia rotular as teses selecionadas para análise, assim:

Parece que esse efeito é alcançado através da definição de um ambiente semelhante a uma citação. Existe algum pacote com esse ambiente integrado? Se não, alguém pode me ajudar a projetar um ambiente parecido com este? Sou novo no TeX. Parece-me quase um ambiente de itemização, mas o rótulo não está definido tão à esquerda. Obrigado!

Answer 1

Você pode fazer isso com o enumitempacote definindo um novo enumerateambiente chamado, por exemplo, sensitive, que é retomado cada vez que você o usa, desta forma:

\newlist{sensitive}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[sensitive]{resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$), labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

e então use

\begin{sensitive}
...
\end{sensitive}

MWE:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{enumitem}

\newlist{sensitive}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[sensitive]{resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$), labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

\begin{document}

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance,
Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{sensitive}
  \item\label{sensitive1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ 
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{sensitive}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{sensitive1}:
\begin{sensitive}
  \item\label{sensitive2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{sensitive}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\end{document} 

Saída:

---

EDITAR

Caso contrário, você pode definir um único enumerateambiente novo chamado, por exemplo, myliste definir localmente o rótulo e quando retomá-lo, como em

\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]

MWE:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}

\newlist{mylist}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[mylist]{labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

\begin{document}

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance,
Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{mylist}[label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{sensitive1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{sensitive1}:
\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{sensitive2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\begin{mylist}[label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{frequentist1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{frequentist1}:
\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{frequentist2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\end{document} 

Saída:

Answer 2

Você pode definir um ambiente pessoal para isso:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\makeatletter
\newlength{\lquotelabelwidth}
\newlength{\lquote@label@temp}
\AtEndDocument{%
  \write\@auxout{\string\global\string\lquotelabelwidth=\the\lquote@label@temp\relax}%
}

\newenvironment{lquote}[1]
 {%
  \settowidth\@tempdima{#1}%
  \addtolength\@tempdima{2pc}% <---------------- add here if you want more
  \ifdim\@tempdima>\lquote@label@temp
    \global\lquote@label@temp=\@tempdima
  \fi
  \list{}{%
    \leftmargin=\lquotelabelwidth
    \labelwidth=\leftmargin
  }%
  \csname phantomsection\endcsname % if hyperref is loaded
  \def\@currentlabel{#1}%
  \item[\textsc{(#1)}]%
 }
 {\endlist}

\newcommand{\lqref}[1]{\textup{\textsc{(\ref{#1})}}}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

Be careful that \lqref{murphy} holds.

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. 
For instance, Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on 
knowledge:
\begin{lquote}{Sensitive\textsubscript{1}}\label{sensitive1}
  $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ 
  weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) 
  $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that~$p$.
\end{lquote}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist 
variant of \lqref{sensitive1}:
\begin{lquote}{Sensitive\textsubscript{2}}\label{sensitive2}
  $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
  not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether 
  (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that~$p$.
\end{lquote}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\begin{lquote}{Murphy}
\label{murphy}
  If something can go wrong, it will.
\end{lquote}

\end{document} 

Isso registra no arquivo .aux a largura do rótulo mais longo, para que a largura do rótulo possa ser definida na próxima execução do LaTeX. Adicionei 2pc (24pt) para os parênteses e mais um pouco de espaço, mude para o valor de sua preferência.

O carregamento hyperrefnão é de forma alguma obrigatório; Eu adicionei ao exemplo apenas para mostrar que o código funciona com ele.

Answer 3

Aqui está uma versão ligeiramente ajustada de uma que fiz anteriormente (embora não, devo dizer, especialmente para citações). Mude o nome para algo que signifique algo para você, se mathauparecer estranho.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\mathau}[1]{%
  \def\tempa{#1s}%
  \newlist{\tempa}{enumerate}{1}%
  \setlist[\tempa]{label={(\MakeUppercase#1\textsubscript{\arabic*})},leftmargin=*,font=\scshape,resume,ref={\MakeUppercase#1\textsubscript{\arabic*}}}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\mathau{sensitive}
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}
Some text showing the need to disambiguate various senses of `concept'.
\mathau{concept}
\begin{concepts}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{concepts}
Further discussion getting ready to return to sensitivities.
But this turns up another sense of `concept'.
\begin{concepts}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{concepts}
Now we can return to the sensitivities.
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}
Commentary.
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}

\end{document}

Answer 4

Karlkoellerdeu uma resposta que é melhor para alinhar consistentemente horizontalmente os rótulos da lista (por exemplo, a palavra "Frequentista" é mais longa que a palavra "Sensível", mas ambas começam no mesmo recuo). No entanto, costumo usar rótulos de palavras para itens em uma lista, e criar rótulos exclusivos pode ser feito mais facilmente, rapidamente, colocando o rótulo entre colchetes de \item[]. No entanto, o método abaixo alinha o corpo do texto dos itens, não os rótulos dos itens.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[osf]{mathpazo} 
\usepackage{enumitem}
\begin{document}
\setlist{labelwidth=7em, leftmargin=!}
Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance, {\scshape Nozick} 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)] $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{enumerate}
The advocate of probalistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of {\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)}:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 2)] $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}

7emfoi encontrado por tentativa e erro, mas se você quiser ser preciso, substitua 7emcalculando o comprimento do rótulo da palavra

\usepackage{calc}
%-----
\newlength\sensitive\setlength\sensitive{\widthof{\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)}}

e então

\setlist{labelwidth={\dimexpr \sensitive  +\parindent \relax}, leftmargin=!}