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Usando entradas de legenda

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Usando entradas de legenda

Fiz um código para exibir curvas, aqui está o código:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{amsmath} 
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\begin{document}
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma]{
       -1.00000000e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -3.50000000e+00,         9.75000000e+00, -2.62500000e+01,  7.35937500e+01, -3.50000000e+00,         9.75000000e+00, -2.62500000e+01,  1.23005515e+02
       -5.78947368e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -3.07894737e+00,         6.97991690e+00, -1.45631652e+01,  3.17518749e+01, -3.07894737e+00,         6.97991690e+00, -1.45631652e+01,  5.91648918e+01
       -1.57894737e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -2.65789474e+00,         4.56440443e+00, -6.15144336e+00,  7.79163062e+00, -2.65789474e+00,         4.56440443e+00, -6.15144336e+00,  1.93708181e+01
        2.63157895e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -2.23684211e+00,         2.50346260e+00, -5.66955824e-01, -3.42580172e+00, -2.23684211e+00,         2.50346260e+00, -5.66955824e-01, -2.35859076e+00
        6.84210526e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -1.81578947e+00,         7.97091413e-01,  2.63817612e+00, -6.28491883e+00, -1.81578947e+00,         7.97091413e-01,  2.63817612e+00, -1.12508974e+01
        1.10526316e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -1.39473684e+00,        -5.54709141e-01,  3.91183117e+00, -4.41589541e+00, -1.39473684e+00,        -5.54709141e-01,  3.91183117e+00, -1.17793423e+01
        1.52631579e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -9.73684211e-01,        -1.55193906e+00,  3.70188803e+00, -6.94584190e-01, -9.73684211e-01,        -1.55193906e+00,  3.70188803e+00, -7.66284401e+00
        1.94736842e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -5.52631579e-01,        -2.19459834e+00,  2.45622540e+00,  2.75748416e+00, -5.52631579e-01,        -2.19459834e+00,  2.45622540e+00, -1.86599894e+00
        2.36842105e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -1.31578947e-01,        -2.48268698e+00,  6.22721971e-01,  4.57310099e+00, -1.31578947e-01,        -2.48268698e+00,  6.22721971e-01,  3.40091845e+00
        2.78947368e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.89473684e-01,        -2.41620499e+00, -1.35074355e+00,  4.13937964e+00,  2.89473684e-01,        -2.41620499e+00, -1.35074355e+00,  6.68195573e+00
        3.21052632e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  7.10526316e-01,        -1.99515235e+00, -3.01629246e+00,  1.59775549e+00,  7.10526316e-01,        -1.99515235e+00, -3.01629246e+00,  7.27548248e+00
        3.63157895e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.13157895e+00,        -1.21952909e+00, -3.92604607e+00, -2.15601404e+00,  1.13157895e+00,        -1.21952909e+00, -3.92604607e+00,  5.23419032e+00
        4.05263158e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.55263158e+00,        -8.93351801e-02, -3.63212567e+00, -5.47184956e+00,  1.55263158e+00,        -8.93351801e-02, -3.63212567e+00,  1.36509289e+00
        4.47368421e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.97368421e+00,         1.39542936e+00, -1.68665257e+00, -5.94534961e+00,  1.97368421e+00,         1.39542936e+00, -1.68665257e+00, -2.77047418e+00
        4.89473684e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.39473684e+00,         3.23476454e+00,  2.35825193e+00, -4.17790734e-01,  2.39473684e+00,         3.23476454e+00,  2.35825193e+00, -4.85685319e+00
        5.31578947e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.81578947e+00,         5.42867036e+00,  8.95046654e+00,  1.50238725e+01,  2.81578947e+00,         5.42867036e+00,  8.95046654e+00, -1.82406447e+00
        5.73684211e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  3.23684211e+00,         7.97714681e+00,  1.85378700e+01,  4.50470077e+01,  3.23684211e+00,         7.97714681e+00,  1.85378700e+01,  1.01521937e+01
        6.15789474e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  3.65789474e+00,         1.08801939e+01,  3.15683409e+01,  9.50733043e+01,  3.65789474e+00,         1.08801939e+01,  3.15683409e+01,  3.56505451e+01
        6.57894737e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  4.07894737e+00,         1.41378116e+01,  4.84897580e+01,  1.71278774e+02,  4.07894737e+00,         1.41378116e+01,  4.84897580e+01,  8.00039353e+01
        7.00000000e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  4.50000000e+00,         1.77500000e+01,  6.97500000e+01,  2.80593750e+02,  4.50000000e+00,         1.77500000e+01,  6.97500000e+01,  1.49299632e+02 
                
}\loadedtable
\begin{figure}[h]
\tikzset{ellipsenode/.style={draw, ellipse, thick, text width=5ex, align=center, inner sep=2pt}}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines=center,
xmin=-0.6,  xmax=6.6,
ymin=-17,  ymax=28,
axis on top,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=5,
tick label style={font=\footnotesize, inner sep=1pt, fill=white},
no marks, samples=15, smooth,
legend entries={
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{0}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{1}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{2}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{3}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{4}(x)$
},                ]
\addplot[color=red] table[x index=0,y index=1] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=blue]table[x index=0,y index=2] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=green] table[x index=0,y index=3] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=purple] table[x index=0,y index=4] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=yellow] table[x index=0,y index=5] {\loadedtable};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines=center,
xmin=-0.6,  xmax=6.6,
ymin=-17,  ymax=28,
axis on top,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=5,
tick label style={font=\footnotesize, inner sep=1pt, fill=white},
no marks, samples=15, smooth,
legend entries={
        $Q^{(3)}_{0}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{1}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{2}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{3}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{4}(x)$
},    
   ]
\addplot[color=red] table[x index=0,y index=1] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=blue]table[x index=0,y index=6] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=green] table[x index=0,y index=7] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=purple] table[x index=0,y index=8] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=yellow] table[x index=0,y index=9] {\loadedtable};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Graph of $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_n$ and $Q^{(3)}_n$ for $n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4$}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Resultado

insira a descrição da imagem aqui

Mas no resultado da compilação, quero que as duas tabelas de descrição sejam pequenas o suficiente para ver melhor os gráficos. Uma ideia por favor

Responder1

Escrita.meu comentário com linksaqui está uma maneira de criar ou compor sua própria lenda. Para ver melhor as diferenças e evitar confusão, coloquei isso como uma resposta separada.

resultado menor

Observações

Preâmbulo

Para design é melhor usar class standalone, pois ele se ajusta ao tamanho do "papel" conforme necessário. O pacote xcolornão é necessário aqui. Precisaremos da tikzlibrary matrixpara compor a legenda.

\documentclass[10pt,border=3mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{amsmath} 
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
%\usepackage{xcolor}    % <<< not needed in pgfplots
\usetikzlibrary{matrix} % <<< to typeset the legend, later

Conjunto de plotagem

Está obsoleto porque não usamos a legenda integrada.

%    \pgfplotsset{
%       every axis legend/.append style={
%           at={(1.02,1)},
%           anchor=north west,
%       },
%    }

Ambiente do eixo

  • vamos colocar um título
  • remova todas as declarações de legenda
  • adicione um \labelDEPOIS de cada\addplot ... ;
  • defina a \coordinatepara usá-lo mais tarde, aqui chamado(label)
    \begin{axis}[
        ...
        no marks, samples=15, smooth,
        title=$Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_n(x)$; % <<<
    ]
    % <<< new: put labels, to reference them later ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    \addplot[color=red] table[x index=0,y index=1] {\loadedtable};\label{plot:L1}
    ...
    
    % <<< new: legend will go here, in plot coordinates
    \coordinate (legend) at (.3,25);
    \end{axis}

Digite sua lenda

A estrutura básica é \matrix[...] at (legend) { ... };, bem como você faria com um \node. Você precisa definir alguns estilos para vê-lo da maneira que deseja.

Pense nisso \matrixcomo o pendente Tikz para um arquivo Latex table. É por isso que você verá a & & \\estrutura de uma linha de dados. Dentro, você apenas digita como um texto normal, referenciando todos os rótulos de plotagem definidos anteriormente. Tal como acontece com todas as referências, elas precisam de uma segunda compilação após a introdução de alterações.

    % ~~~ building your legend using a matrix (it's like a table within Tikz) ~~~~
    \matrix[
        draw,               % to see it, with
        matrix of nodes,    % see manual
        anchor=north west,  % upper left corner
        font={\tiny},       % use smaller font, if you like
    ] at (legend) {
        Index $n$: &&\\
        \ref{plot:L1} 0&\ref{plot:L2} 1&\ref{plot:L3} 2\\
        \ref{plot:L4} 3&\ref{plot:L5} 4&\\
    };

Resultado e código

resultado

\documentclass[10pt,border=3mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{amsmath} 
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
%\usepackage{xcolor}    % <<< not needed in pgfplots
\usetikzlibrary{matrix} % <<< to typeset the legend, later

% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\begin{document}
    \pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma]{
           -1.00000000e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -3.50000000e+00,         9.75000000e+00, -2.62500000e+01,  7.35937500e+01, -3.50000000e+00,         9.75000000e+00, -2.62500000e+01,  1.23005515e+02
           -5.78947368e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -3.07894737e+00,         6.97991690e+00, -1.45631652e+01,  3.17518749e+01, -3.07894737e+00,         6.97991690e+00, -1.45631652e+01,  5.91648918e+01
           -1.57894737e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -2.65789474e+00,         4.56440443e+00, -6.15144336e+00,  7.79163062e+00, -2.65789474e+00,         4.56440443e+00, -6.15144336e+00,  1.93708181e+01
            2.63157895e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -2.23684211e+00,         2.50346260e+00, -5.66955824e-01, -3.42580172e+00, -2.23684211e+00,         2.50346260e+00, -5.66955824e-01, -2.35859076e+00
            6.84210526e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -1.81578947e+00,         7.97091413e-01,  2.63817612e+00, -6.28491883e+00, -1.81578947e+00,         7.97091413e-01,  2.63817612e+00, -1.12508974e+01
            1.10526316e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -1.39473684e+00,        -5.54709141e-01,  3.91183117e+00, -4.41589541e+00, -1.39473684e+00,        -5.54709141e-01,  3.91183117e+00, -1.17793423e+01
            1.52631579e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -9.73684211e-01,        -1.55193906e+00,  3.70188803e+00, -6.94584190e-01, -9.73684211e-01,        -1.55193906e+00,  3.70188803e+00, -7.66284401e+00
            1.94736842e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -5.52631579e-01,        -2.19459834e+00,  2.45622540e+00,  2.75748416e+00, -5.52631579e-01,        -2.19459834e+00,  2.45622540e+00, -1.86599894e+00
            2.36842105e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -1.31578947e-01,        -2.48268698e+00,  6.22721971e-01,  4.57310099e+00, -1.31578947e-01,        -2.48268698e+00,  6.22721971e-01,  3.40091845e+00
            2.78947368e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.89473684e-01,        -2.41620499e+00, -1.35074355e+00,  4.13937964e+00,  2.89473684e-01,        -2.41620499e+00, -1.35074355e+00,  6.68195573e+00
            3.21052632e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  7.10526316e-01,        -1.99515235e+00, -3.01629246e+00,  1.59775549e+00,  7.10526316e-01,        -1.99515235e+00, -3.01629246e+00,  7.27548248e+00
            3.63157895e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.13157895e+00,        -1.21952909e+00, -3.92604607e+00, -2.15601404e+00,  1.13157895e+00,        -1.21952909e+00, -3.92604607e+00,  5.23419032e+00
            4.05263158e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.55263158e+00,        -8.93351801e-02, -3.63212567e+00, -5.47184956e+00,  1.55263158e+00,        -8.93351801e-02, -3.63212567e+00,  1.36509289e+00
            4.47368421e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.97368421e+00,         1.39542936e+00, -1.68665257e+00, -5.94534961e+00,  1.97368421e+00,         1.39542936e+00, -1.68665257e+00, -2.77047418e+00
            4.89473684e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.39473684e+00,         3.23476454e+00,  2.35825193e+00, -4.17790734e-01,  2.39473684e+00,         3.23476454e+00,  2.35825193e+00, -4.85685319e+00
            5.31578947e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.81578947e+00,         5.42867036e+00,  8.95046654e+00,  1.50238725e+01,  2.81578947e+00,         5.42867036e+00,  8.95046654e+00, -1.82406447e+00
            5.73684211e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  3.23684211e+00,         7.97714681e+00,  1.85378700e+01,  4.50470077e+01,  3.23684211e+00,         7.97714681e+00,  1.85378700e+01,  1.01521937e+01
            6.15789474e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  3.65789474e+00,         1.08801939e+01,  3.15683409e+01,  9.50733043e+01,  3.65789474e+00,         1.08801939e+01,  3.15683409e+01,  3.56505451e+01
            6.57894737e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  4.07894737e+00,         1.41378116e+01,  4.84897580e+01,  1.71278774e+02,  4.07894737e+00,         1.41378116e+01,  4.84897580e+01,  8.00039353e+01
            7.00000000e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  4.50000000e+00,         1.77500000e+01,  6.97500000e+01,  2.80593750e+02,  4.50000000e+00,         1.77500000e+01,  6.97500000e+01,  1.49299632e+02 
                
}\loadedtable

\tikzset{
    ellipsenode/.style={
        draw, ellipse, thick, text width=5ex, 
        align=center, inner sep=2pt
    }
}

    \begin{tikzpicture}
%    \pgfplotsset{
%       every axis legend/.append style={
%           at={(1.02,1)},
%           anchor=north west,
%       },
%    }
    \begin{axis}[
        axis lines=center,
        xmin=-0.6,  xmax=6.6,
        ymin=-17,  ymax=28,
        axis on top,
        xtick distance=1,
        ytick distance=5,
        tick label style={font=\footnotesize, inner sep=1pt, fill=white},
        no marks, samples=15, smooth,
        title=$Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_n(x)$; % <<<
    ]
    % <<< new: put labels, to reference them later ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    \addplot[color=red] table[x index=0,y index=1] {\loadedtable};\label{plot:L1}
    \addplot[color=blue]table[x index=0,y index=2] {\loadedtable};\label{plot:L2}
    \addplot[color=green] table[x index=0,y index=3] {\loadedtable};\label{plot:L3}
    \addplot[color=purple] table[x index=0,y index=4] {\loadedtable};\label{plot:L4}
    \addplot[color=yellow] table[x index=0,y index=5] {\loadedtable};\label{plot:L5}
    
    % <<< new: legend will go here, in plot coordinates
    \coordinate (legend) at (.3,25);
    \end{axis}
    
    % ~~~ building your legend using a matrix (it's like a table within Tikz) ~~~~
    \matrix[
        draw,               % to see it, with
        matrix of nodes,    % see manual
        anchor=north west,  % upper left corner
        font={\tiny},       % use smaller font, if you like
    ] at (legend) {
        Index $n$: &&\\
        \ref{plot:L1} 0&\ref{plot:L2} 1&\ref{plot:L3} 2\\
        \ref{plot:L4} 3&\ref{plot:L5} 4&\\
    };  
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Responder2

Aqui está uma maneira de fazer isso. O mais fácil seria colocar a legenda fora do desenho, digamos à direita.CH. "4.9.5 Aparência da legenda" (pdf)ou"20.9 Aparência da legenda" (html)descreve isso no manual pgfplots.

Tentei colocar a legenda acima, mas não ficou legal. Você também pode desenhar sua própria lenda no Tikz usando a abordagem descrita na primeira página do referido capítulo:

% from said chapter, sth. like this:
 \matrix [style=every axis legend] {
    draw plot specification 1 & \node{legend 1}\\
...

Uma outra alternativa pode ser introduzir abreviações para suas diversas funções em seu artigo e usá-las com os gráficos. Quando são mais curtos, os dois desenhos podem caber como um desenho de uma linha conforme você postou.

A diferença no seu código é esta linha de código, que adicionei aos dois gráficos:

  • especifique o estilo da legenda do eixo
  • lembre-se do manual, que (0,0) é canto inferior esquerdo, (1,1) canto superior direito
  • coloque a legenda ligeiramente deslocada para o canto superior direito
  • ancorar seu canto superior esquerdo ( north west) na referida posição
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{                                 % <<<
    every axis legend/.append style={
        at={(1.02,1)},
        anchor=north west
    },
}
\begin{axis}[

resultado

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/705129/using-legend-entries

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{amsmath} 
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\begin{document}
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma]{
       -1.00000000e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -3.50000000e+00,         9.75000000e+00, -2.62500000e+01,  7.35937500e+01, -3.50000000e+00,         9.75000000e+00, -2.62500000e+01,  1.23005515e+02
       -5.78947368e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -3.07894737e+00,         6.97991690e+00, -1.45631652e+01,  3.17518749e+01, -3.07894737e+00,         6.97991690e+00, -1.45631652e+01,  5.91648918e+01
       -1.57894737e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -2.65789474e+00,         4.56440443e+00, -6.15144336e+00,  7.79163062e+00, -2.65789474e+00,         4.56440443e+00, -6.15144336e+00,  1.93708181e+01
        2.63157895e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -2.23684211e+00,         2.50346260e+00, -5.66955824e-01, -3.42580172e+00, -2.23684211e+00,         2.50346260e+00, -5.66955824e-01, -2.35859076e+00
        6.84210526e-01,  1.00000000e+00, -1.81578947e+00,         7.97091413e-01,  2.63817612e+00, -6.28491883e+00, -1.81578947e+00,         7.97091413e-01,  2.63817612e+00, -1.12508974e+01
        1.10526316e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -1.39473684e+00,        -5.54709141e-01,  3.91183117e+00, -4.41589541e+00, -1.39473684e+00,        -5.54709141e-01,  3.91183117e+00, -1.17793423e+01
        1.52631579e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -9.73684211e-01,        -1.55193906e+00,  3.70188803e+00, -6.94584190e-01, -9.73684211e-01,        -1.55193906e+00,  3.70188803e+00, -7.66284401e+00
        1.94736842e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -5.52631579e-01,        -2.19459834e+00,  2.45622540e+00,  2.75748416e+00, -5.52631579e-01,        -2.19459834e+00,  2.45622540e+00, -1.86599894e+00
        2.36842105e+00,  1.00000000e+00, -1.31578947e-01,        -2.48268698e+00,  6.22721971e-01,  4.57310099e+00, -1.31578947e-01,        -2.48268698e+00,  6.22721971e-01,  3.40091845e+00
        2.78947368e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.89473684e-01,        -2.41620499e+00, -1.35074355e+00,  4.13937964e+00,  2.89473684e-01,        -2.41620499e+00, -1.35074355e+00,  6.68195573e+00
        3.21052632e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  7.10526316e-01,        -1.99515235e+00, -3.01629246e+00,  1.59775549e+00,  7.10526316e-01,        -1.99515235e+00, -3.01629246e+00,  7.27548248e+00
        3.63157895e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.13157895e+00,        -1.21952909e+00, -3.92604607e+00, -2.15601404e+00,  1.13157895e+00,        -1.21952909e+00, -3.92604607e+00,  5.23419032e+00
        4.05263158e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.55263158e+00,        -8.93351801e-02, -3.63212567e+00, -5.47184956e+00,  1.55263158e+00,        -8.93351801e-02, -3.63212567e+00,  1.36509289e+00
        4.47368421e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  1.97368421e+00,         1.39542936e+00, -1.68665257e+00, -5.94534961e+00,  1.97368421e+00,         1.39542936e+00, -1.68665257e+00, -2.77047418e+00
        4.89473684e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.39473684e+00,         3.23476454e+00,  2.35825193e+00, -4.17790734e-01,  2.39473684e+00,         3.23476454e+00,  2.35825193e+00, -4.85685319e+00
        5.31578947e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  2.81578947e+00,         5.42867036e+00,  8.95046654e+00,  1.50238725e+01,  2.81578947e+00,         5.42867036e+00,  8.95046654e+00, -1.82406447e+00
        5.73684211e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  3.23684211e+00,         7.97714681e+00,  1.85378700e+01,  4.50470077e+01,  3.23684211e+00,         7.97714681e+00,  1.85378700e+01,  1.01521937e+01
        6.15789474e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  3.65789474e+00,         1.08801939e+01,  3.15683409e+01,  9.50733043e+01,  3.65789474e+00,         1.08801939e+01,  3.15683409e+01,  3.56505451e+01
        6.57894737e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  4.07894737e+00,         1.41378116e+01,  4.84897580e+01,  1.71278774e+02,  4.07894737e+00,         1.41378116e+01,  4.84897580e+01,  8.00039353e+01
        7.00000000e+00,  1.00000000e+00,  4.50000000e+00,         1.77500000e+01,  6.97500000e+01,  2.80593750e+02,  4.50000000e+00,         1.77500000e+01,  6.97500000e+01,  1.49299632e+02 
                
}\loadedtable
\begin{figure}[h]
\tikzset{ellipsenode/.style={draw, ellipse, thick, text width=5ex, align=center, inner sep=2pt}}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{
    every axis legend/.append style={
        at={(1.02,1)},
        anchor=north west
    },
}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines=center,
xmin=-0.6,  xmax=6.6,
ymin=-17,  ymax=28,
axis on top,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=5,
tick label style={font=\footnotesize, inner sep=1pt, fill=white},
no marks, samples=15, smooth,
legend entries={
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{0}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{1}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{2}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{3}(x)$,
        $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_{4}(x)$
},                ]
\addplot[color=red] table[x index=0,y index=1] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=blue]table[x index=0,y index=2] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=green] table[x index=0,y index=3] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=purple] table[x index=0,y index=4] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=yellow] table[x index=0,y index=5] {\loadedtable};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{
    every axis legend/.append style={
        at={(1.02,1)},
        anchor=north west
    },
}
\begin{axis}[
axis lines=center,
xmin=-0.6,  xmax=6.6,
ymin=-17,  ymax=28,
axis on top,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=5,
tick label style={font=\footnotesize, inner sep=1pt, fill=white},
no marks, samples=15, smooth,
legend entries={
        $Q^{(3)}_{0}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{1}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{2}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{3}(x)$,
        $Q^{(3)}_{4}(x)$
},    
   ]
\addplot[color=red] table[x index=0,y index=1] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=blue]table[x index=0,y index=6] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=green] table[x index=0,y index=7] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=purple] table[x index=0,y index=8] {\loadedtable};
\addplot[color=yellow] table[x index=0,y index=9] {\loadedtable};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Graph of $Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_n$ and $Q^{(3)}_n$ for $n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4$}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

PS:

Para referência, isto é o que você obtém ao mover as legendas para o topo das parcelas:

resultado2

usando para ambos:

\pgfplotsset{
    every axis legend/.append style={
        at={(.5,1.03)},
        anchor=south
    },
}

PS2

Aqui está uma alternativa usando a titlee focando apenas na mudança relevante: n. No entanto, mesmo listando apenas 0, 1, ... não torna a legenda pequena o suficiente aqui.

resultado3

\begin{axis}[
    axis lines=center,
    xmin=-0.6,  xmax=6.6,
    ymin=-17,  ymax=28,
    axis on top,
    xtick distance=1,
    ytick distance=5,
    tick label style={font=\footnotesize, inner sep=1pt, fill=white},
    no marks, samples=15, smooth,
    legend entries={
            $n=0$,              % <<<
            $n=1$,
            $n=2$,
            $n=3$,
            $n=4$,
    },
    title=$Q^{1/2,1/2,5}_n(x)$; % <<<
]

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