排版依存語法樹

Question

我嘗試排版依賴樹：

有一個包可以做到這一點嗎？它應該兼容xelatex，即不基於pstricks。我無法透過 google 或 CTAN 找到任何內容。如果沒有包，我會嘗試使用 來完成forest，但這似乎並不簡單。怎樣才能直接做到這一點呢？

編輯：我在以下位置找到了（一半）解決方案forest：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{forest}



\forestset{
dg edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=bottom,where n children=0{tier=word,edge=dotted}{}}},
}


\begin{document}

\begin{forest}
dg edges
[V
  [N
    [D [the] ]
     [child] ]
  [reads]
  [N
    [D [a] ]
    [book] ] ]
\end{forest}


\end{document}

這樣可以使虛線正確，並在基線處對齊單字。但是，節點的對齊方式不正確。如果我可以將 N 恰好放在書的頂部，將 V 放在上面的讀物上，並在樣式定義中執行此操作，這將是首選解決方案。有沒有辦法做到這一點forest？

Answer 1

這是一種嘗試，tikz tree用在哪裡。為了在底部對齊文本，dfont定義了一種樣式。

程式碼

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,trees,calc}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{ 
treenode/.style = {inner sep=0pt, outer sep=2pt, font=\sffamily},
edge from parent/.style={draw, edge from parent path=
    {(\tikzparentnode.south) -- (\tikzchildnode.north)}},
dfont/.style={dashed,font=\vphantom{Ag},anchor=north}  % to align the text at the bottom
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
 [
% Children and edges style
    level distance=1cm,
    level 1/.style={sibling distance=2cm},
    level 2/.style={sibling distance=2cm},
    level 3/.style={sibling distance=3.5cm},
    level 4/.style={sibling distance=6cm},
    level 5/.style={sibling distance=3cm}
    ]
%% Draw events and edges
 \node (g) [treenode] {are}
            child {node[treenode] (a) {We}}    % left
            child {node[treenode] (b) {trying} % right  
                     child[missing]
            child {node[treenode] (c) {to}
                     child[missing]
            child {node[treenode](d) {understand}
                     child[missing]
            child {node[treenode] (e) {difference}    
                   child {node[treenode](f){the}}
                   child[missing]}
}
}
};  
\node (a1) at ($(a)+(0,-6)$){};
\draw[dfont] (a) -- (a|-a1)node[]{We};
\draw[dfont] (g) -- (g|-a1)node[]{are};
\draw[dfont] (b) -- (b|-a1)node[]{trying};
\draw[dfont] (c) -- (c|-a1)node[]{to};
\draw[dfont] (d) -- (d|-a1)node[]{understand};
\draw[dfont] (f) -- (f|-a1)node[]{the};
\draw[dfont] (e) -- (e|-a1)node[]{difference.};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

有點笨拙，但展示瞭如何指定自訂增長函數以及複製底部單字的偷偷摸摸的方法。我從傑西的回答中挑選了幾種風格：

\documentclass[tikz, border=5]{standalone}
% An (incomplete) growth function
\makeatletter
\def\tikz@grow@tree{%
  \tikzset{shift=(270:\tikzleveldistance)}%
  \ifcase\tikznumberofchildren%
  \or     
  \or
     \tikzset{shift=(0:{(\tikznumberofcurrentchild-1)*\tikzsiblingdistance})}
  \else%
     \tikzset{shift=(0:{(\tikznumberofcurrentchild-1-\tikznumberofchildren+2)*\tikzsiblingdistance})}
  \fi
}

\tikzset{%
  dependency tree/.code={\let\tikz@grow=\tikz@grow@tree},
  leaf level/.store in=\tikzleaflevel,
  tree node/.style={inner sep=0pt, outer sep=2pt, font=\sffamily},
     edge from parent/.style={draw, edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode.south) -- (\tikzchildnode.north)}},
  leaf/.style={level distance=(\tikzleaflevel-\the\tikztreelevel)*1cm,
    edge from parent/.append style={dashed}, execute at begin node=\strut}
}
\def\wordnode#1{ node [tree node] {#1} child [leaf] { node {#1} } }

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=1cm,dependency tree, leaf level=8]

 \node [tree node] 
   {are}
   child { \wordnode{We} }    
   child [leaf] { node {are} }
   child { \wordnode {trying} 
     child { \wordnode {to} 
       child  { \wordnode{understand} 
         child [sibling distance=3cm] { \wordnode{difference}           
           child [xscale=-1, sibling distance=1.5cm] { \wordnode{the}
    }}}}};  

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 3

該calign with current edge選項成功了：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{forest}


\forestset{
dg edges/.style={for tree={parent anchor=south, child anchor=north,align=center,base=bottom,where n children=0{tier=word,edge=dotted,calign with current edge}{}}},
}


\begin{document}

\begin{forest}
dg edges
[V
  [N
    [D [the] ]
     [child] ]
  [reads]
  [N
    [D [a] ]
    [book] ] ]
\end{forest}


\end{document}