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檢測命令參數中的下標

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檢測命令參數中的下標

low我定義了一個向參數添加下標的命令：

\newcommand{\low}[1]{{#1}_{l_{\mathcal{A}}}}

但是，如果 的參數low本身包含下標（例如在 的情況下\low{\low{\Sigma}}），則不容易看出外部引入的下標low屬於整個參數而不僅僅是第一個下標。因此，如果 的參數low包含下標，我想自動引入括號（所以\low{\low{\Sigma}}應該看起來像\low{(\low{\Sigma})}.

為了實現這一目標，我使用 xifthen 套件嘗試了以下操作：

\newcommand{\low}[1]{\ifthenelse{\isin{_}{#1}}{{(#1)}_{l_{\mathcal{A}}}}{{#1}_{l_{\mathcal{A}}}}}

然而令我驚訝的是，這個指令有時只會插入括號。特別是在上面給出的示例中它沒有這樣做。為什麼會發生這種情況？

編輯：問題似乎是\isin沒有展開命令的定義。 @egreg 已經提供了一個答案，允許我檢查巢狀調用，\low但不適用於包含帶有下標的其他命令的參數。有人有適用於任意參數的解決方案嗎？

答案1

在某些情況下，應用\protected@edef並\@onelevel@sanitize在檢查“字串化”之前_可能會解決問題：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{xifthen}

\makeatletter    
\DeclareRobustCommand\DetectUnderscore[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \protected@edef\@tempa{#1}%
  \@onelevel@sanitize\@tempa
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endgroup
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\ifthenelse
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{%
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\isin
  \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{%
  \expandafter\expandafter\string_%
  \expandafter}%
  \expandafter{%
  \@tempa}}{{(#1)}}{{#1}}%
}%
\newcommand\low[1]{%
  \DetectUnderscore{#1}%
  _{l_{\mathcal{A}}}%
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\[
\low{\Sigma} \qquad 
\low{\low{\Sigma}} \qquad
\low{\low{\low{\Sigma}}} \qquad
\]
\[
\low{\Sigma_b} \qquad 
\low{\low{\Sigma_b}} \qquad
\low{\low{\low{\Sigma_b}}} \qquad
\]
\[
\low{{\Sigma_b}} \qquad
\low{b_{\low{c_{\low{\Sigma_d}}}}} \qquad
(\Sigma_b)_{l_\mathcal{A}}
\]
\[
\low{\low{1} + 2}
\]    
\end{document}

在此輸入影像描述

\expandafter導致下一個令牌（如果可擴展）在下一個令牌（如果可擴展）擴展之前恰好擴展一次。 (La)TeX 考慮\expandafter當下一個標記的擴展完成時已完成的工作。因此，您可以使用 的鏈/序列\expandafter讓 (La)TeX “跳過” k 個標記，以先擴展第 (k+1) 個標記。

\@onelevel@sanitize\macro更改 的定義\macro，以便吐出類別代碼 12（其他）的字元標記序列，該序列看起來像在應用 之前\macro「吐出」的標記序列。這幾乎就像透過應用 的定義的每個標記來重新定義您所得到的結果。\macro\@onelevel@sanitize\macro\string\macro

\protected@edef定義一個宏，但在此之前，它會擴展定義文字的所有可擴展標記，除了那些透過標記定義\DeclareRobustCommand或前面帶有標記的標記之外\protect。您可能會說：\protected@edef在實際執行分配之前，是否「展開」其定義文字中包含的標記的定義。

\@tempa是一個臨時宏，它透過\protected@edef擴展為參數來定義#1，所有定義都在#1「展開」中。

-test\ifthenelse{\isin...}並沒有發現_嵌套在大括號中，因為大括號通常具有特殊功能。因此，\@onelevel@sanitize適用於將所有標記（以及花括號）轉換為類別代碼 12（其他）的普通無害字元標記，不會幹擾測試\ifthenelse{\isin...}。

這是一個例程，它不會透過以下方式檢查類別代碼 12（其他）的（字串化）下劃線第十次's \ifthenelse{\isin...}-thingie 但會檢查類別代碼 8（下標）的標記，而無需字串化。

在檢查構成參數的標記時，例程會遞歸地呼叫自身。

這個例程仍然沒有擴展論證——這仍然必須通過 來完成\protected@edef。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\makeatletter
%%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Paraphernalia ;-) :
%%.............................................................................
\newcommand\UD@firstoftwo[2]{#1}%
\newcommand\UD@secondoftwo[2]{#2}%
\newcommand\UD@exchange[2]{#2#1}%
\newcommand\UD@removespace{}\UD@firstoftwo{\def\UD@removespace}{} {}%
%%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Extract first inner undelimited argument:
%%.............................................................................
%%   \UD@ExtractFirstArg{ABCDE} yields  {A}
%%
%%   \UD@ExtractFirstArg{{AB}CDE} yields  {AB}
%%
%% !!! The argument of \UD@ExtractFirstArg must not be empty. !!!
%% You can check for emptiness via \UD@CheckWhetherNull before applying
%% \UD@ExtractFirstArg.
%%.............................................................................
\newcommand\UD@RemoveTillUD@SelDOm{}%
\long\def\UD@RemoveTillUD@SelDOm#1#2\UD@SelDOm{{#1}}%
\newcommand\UD@ExtractFirstArg[1]{%
  \romannumeral0%
  \UD@ExtractFirstArgLoop{#1\UD@SelDOm}%
}%
\newcommand\UD@ExtractFirstArgLoop[1]{%
  \expandafter\UD@CheckWhetherNull\expandafter{\UD@firstoftwo{}#1}%
  { #1}%
  {\expandafter\UD@ExtractFirstArgLoop\expandafter{\UD@RemoveTillUD@SelDOm#1}}%
}%
%%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Check whether argument is empty:
%%.............................................................................
%% \UD@CheckWhetherNull{<Argument which is to be checked>}%
%%                     {<Tokens to be delivered in case that argument
%%                       which is to be checked is empty>}%
%%                     {<Tokens to be delivered in case that argument
%%                       which is to be checked is not empty>}%
%% The gist of this macro comes from Robert R. Schneck's \ifempty-macro:
%% <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!original/comp.text.tex/kuOEIQIrElc/lUg37FmhA74J>
%%.............................................................................
\newcommand\UD@CheckWhetherNull[1]{%
  \romannumeral0\expandafter\UD@secondoftwo\string{\expandafter
  \UD@secondoftwo\expandafter{\expandafter{\string#1}\expandafter
  \UD@secondoftwo\string}\expandafter\UD@firstoftwo\expandafter{\expandafter
  \UD@secondoftwo\string}\expandafter\expandafter\UD@firstoftwo{ }{}%
  \UD@secondoftwo}{\expandafter\expandafter\UD@firstoftwo{ }{}\UD@firstoftwo}%
}%
%%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Check whether argument's first token is a catcode-1-character
%%.............................................................................
%% \UD@CheckWhetherBrace{<Argument which is to be checked>}%
%%                      {<Tokens to be delivered in case that argument
%%                        which is to be checked has leading
%%                        catcode-1-token>}%
%%                      {<Tokens to be delivered in case that argument
%%                        which is to be checked has no leading
%%                        catcode-1-token>}%
\newcommand\UD@CheckWhetherBrace[1]{%
  \romannumeral0\expandafter\UD@secondoftwo\expandafter{\expandafter{%
  \string#1.}\expandafter\UD@firstoftwo\expandafter{\expandafter
  \UD@secondoftwo\string}\expandafter\expandafter\UD@firstoftwo{ }{}%
  \UD@firstoftwo}{\expandafter\expandafter\UD@firstoftwo{ }{}\UD@secondoftwo}%
}%
%%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Check whether brace-balanced argument starts with a space-token
%%.............................................................................
%% \UD@CheckWhetherLeadingSpace{<Argument which is to be checked>}%
%%                             {<Tokens to be delivered in case <argument
%%                               which is to be checked>'s 1st token is a
%%                               space-token>}%
%%                             {<Tokens to be delivered in case <argument
%%                               which is to be checked>'s 1st token is not
%%                               a space-token>}%
\newcommand\UD@CheckWhetherLeadingSpace[1]{%
  \romannumeral0\UD@CheckWhetherNull{#1}%
  {\expandafter\expandafter\UD@firstoftwo{ }{}\UD@secondoftwo}%
  {\expandafter\UD@secondoftwo\string{\UD@CheckWhetherLeadingSpaceB.#1 }{}}%
}%
\newcommand\UD@CheckWhetherLeadingSpaceB{}%
\long\def\UD@CheckWhetherLeadingSpaceB#1 {%
  \expandafter\UD@CheckWhetherNull\expandafter{\UD@secondoftwo#1{}}%
  {\UD@exchange{\UD@firstoftwo}}{\UD@exchange{\UD@secondoftwo}}%
  {\UD@exchange{ }{\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
   \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter}\expandafter\expandafter
   \expandafter}\expandafter\UD@secondoftwo\expandafter{\string}%
}%
%%.............................................................................
%% Check whether brace-balanced argument starts with a token of
%% category code 8 (subscript)
%%.............................................................................
%% \UD@CheckWhetherFirstTokenHasCatcodeSubscript{<Argument which is to be checked>}%
%%                      {<Tokens to be delivered in case that 
%%                         <argument which is to be checked> has a first
%%                         token of catcode 8>}%
%%                      {<Tokens to be delivered in case that
%%                         <argument which is to be checked> does not have
%%                         a first token of catcode 8>}%
%%
\newcommand\UD@CheckWhetherFirstTokenHasCatcodeSubscript[1]{%
  \romannumeral0%
  \UD@CheckWhetherNull{#1}{\UD@exchange{ }{\expandafter}\UD@secondoftwo}{%
    \UD@CheckWhetherBrace{#1}{\UD@exchange{ }{\expandafter}\UD@secondoftwo}{%
      \UD@CheckWhetherLeadingSpace{#1}{\UD@exchange{ }{\expandafter}\UD@secondoftwo}{%
        \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\UD@@CheckWhetherFirstTokenHasCatcodeSubscript
        \UD@ExtractFirstArg{#1}%
      }%
    }%
  }%
}%
\newcommand\UD@@CheckWhetherFirstTokenHasCatcodeSubscript[1]{%
  \expandafter\ifcat_#1%
  \expandafter\UD@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\UD@secondoftwo\fi
  {\UD@exchange{ }{\expandafter}\UD@firstoftwo}%
  {\UD@exchange{ }{\expandafter}\UD@secondoftwo}%
}%
%%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Check whether argument does contain underscore/tokens of 
%% category code 8 (subscript), no matter if nested in braces or not.
%%
%% \UD@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens{<Argument which is to be checked>}%
%%                  {<Tokens to be delivered in case that 
%%                     <argument which is to be checked> contains
%%                     some token(s) of catcode 8 (subscript)>}%
%%                  {<Tokens to be delivered in case that
%%                     <argument which is to be checked> contains
%%                     no token of catcode 8 (subscript)>}%
%%
%%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand\UD@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens{\romannumeral0\UD@@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens}%
\newcommand\UD@@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens[3]{%
  \UD@CheckWhetherNull{#1}{ #3}{%
    \UD@CheckWhetherLeadingSpace{#1}{%
      \expandafter\UD@@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens\expandafter{\UD@removespace#1}{#2}{#3}%
    }{%
      \UD@CheckWhetherBrace{#1}{%
        \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\UD@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens
        \UD@ExtractFirstArg{#1}{ #2}{%
          \expandafter\UD@@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens\expandafter{\UD@firstoftwo{}#1}{#2}{#3}%
        }%
      }{%
        \UD@CheckWhetherFirstTokenHasCatcodeSubscript{#1}{ #2}{%
           \expandafter\UD@@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens\expandafter{\UD@firstoftwo{}#1}{#2}{#3}%
        }%
      }%
    }%
  }%
}%

\DeclareRobustCommand\UD@CallUD@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokensOnExpansion[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \protected@edef\@tempa{#1}%
  \expandafter\endgroup
  \expandafter\UD@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokens\expandafter{\@tempa}{{(#1)}}{{#1}}%
}%

\newcommand\low[1]{%
  \UD@CallUD@CheckWhetherSubscriptTokensOnExpansion{#1}_{l_{\mathcal{A}}}%
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

% Let`s use | and \myunderscore in the same way as _ :

\catcode`\|=8

\let\myunderscore=_

\[
\low{\Sigma} \qquad 
\low{\low{\Sigma}} \qquad
\low{\low{\low{\Sigma}}} \qquad
\]
\[
\low{\Sigma\myunderscore b} \qquad 
\low{\low{\Sigma\myunderscore b}} \qquad
\low{\low{\low{\Sigma|b}}} \qquad
\]
\[
\low{{\Sigma_b}} \qquad
\low{b_{\low{c_{\low{\Sigma|d}}}}} \qquad
(\Sigma_b)_{l_\mathcal{A}}
\]
\[
\low{\low{1} + 2}
\]    
\end{document}

在此輸入影像描述

請注意，此例程的目的不是檢測_類別代碼12（其他）的（字串化）字元標記，而是檢測類別代碼8（下標）的所有字元標記（無論是明確的還是隱式的） 。

答案2

一個想法（不是直接的解決方案）是將參數放在一個盒子內，並用您認為不太高而需要括號的字元的高度檢查其高度，但又不太短而無法在 \Sigma 中添加括號。

猜猜我們的預設參數是什麼：\Sigma... P

程式碼（包含一些測試）是這樣的：

\documentclass{article}
\def\DefLowArg{$\Sigma$}
\let\oldDefLowArg\DefLowArg
\newsavebox{\myAbox}
\newsavebox{\myBbox}
\newcommand{\low}[2][\DefLowArg]{\savebox\myAbox{\vbox{#1}}\savebox\myBbox{\vbox{\ensuremath{#2}}}
\ifdim\dimexpr\ht\myAbox+\dp\myAbox<\dimexpr\ht\myBbox+\dp\myBbox\relax
\left({#2}\right)_{l_{\mathcal{A}}}
\else {#2}_{l_{\mathcal{A}}}\fi
}
\begin{document}

\[\low{\low{\Sigma}}\]

\[\low{\Sigma}\]
\[
\low{\sum_{i=3}^5 F(x)}
\]

\[
\low{\frac{F(x)}{x+5}}
\]

\[\low{F_x}\]

\[\low[1/4]{F(x)}\]

\[\low{x^2}\]

\[
\low{G_x}
\]

These commands may be should add without parentheses

\[
\low{g(z)}
\]
\[
\low{F(x)}
\]

{\bfseries Solution 1 Add an tall optional argument in the command like: \verb|\low[/]{F(x)}|}

\[
\low[/]{g(z)}
\]
\[
\low[/]{F(x)}
\]

{\bfseries Solution 2 Change the Default argument \verb|\DefLowArg| to something tall enough (return with \verb|\let\DefLowArg\oldDefLowArg|):}

\xdef\DefLowArg{/}

\[
\low{g(z)}
\]
\[
\low{F(x)}
\]
\let\DefLowArg\oldDefLowArg


{\bfseries And back to default}

\[
\low{F(X)}
\]

\end{document}

這會產生：

在此輸入影像描述

PS：當然，在特殊情況下應該添加手動解決方案，但無論如何在您的命令中，我確信在許多情況下您都會有例外。

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