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在乳膠中使用 tikz 準備循環的問題

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在乳膠中使用 tikz 準備循環的問題

我目前使用的程式旨在產生類似於提供的圖像的循環表示。但是，在運行程式碼時，我遇到了幾個錯誤，並且輸出與預期圖像不匹配。任何解決這些問題的幫助將不勝感激。我想要的圖像看起來像=在此輸入影像描述

“代碼”

 \documentclass[border=0.1cm]{revtex4-2}
%
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usepackage{qcircuit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta}
% Create style for node rectangles
\tikzstyle{state}=[
    rectangle,
    minimum width=1.5cm,
    minimum height=1cm,
    draw=white,
    thick,
    text=black,
    font=\bfseries,
    align=center,
    fill=Orange!70,
    rounded corners=5pt % Adjust the radius as needed
]

\begin{document}
% \begin{tikzpicture}[>=Stealth, thick, text=black, font=\sffamily]
%%%%
\tikzset{meter/.append style={draw, inner sep=10, rectangle, font=\vphantom{A}, minimum width=30, minimum height=10 line width=.5, path picture={\draw[black] ([shift={(.1,.3)}]path picture bounding box.south west) to[bend left=50] ([shift={(-.1,.3)}]path picture bounding box.south east);\draw[black,-latex] ([shift={(0,.1)}]path picture bounding box.south) -- ([shift={(.3,-.1)}]path picture bounding box.north);}}}
%
%
% \begin{tikzpicture}[-stealth, thick, text=black]
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=Stealth, thick, text=black, font=\sffamily]
% State q0
\node[state, minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (A) at (90:2) {\rm {Optimizer}};

% State q1
\node[state, fill=NavyBlue, minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.5cm, left=-1 cm] (B) at (18:2) {\rm R({$\Theta$},{$X$})};
\node[above] at (B.north) {{$\Theta$}};

% Box on the side of q1
\node[state, fill=NavyBlue, minimum width=1.cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (B_side) at (3.8,0.6) {$|0\rangle$};
\node[below=0.7 cm,left=-0.4 cm] at (B_side.east) {Quantum};
\node[below=0.9cm,left=-0.4 cm] at (B_side.east) {pre-processing};
\draw[-stealth] (B_side) -- (B);
% \node[below=0.3cm, align=center, font=\footnotesize] at (B_side.east) {Quantum\\pre-processing};
% Box on top of q1
\node[state, fill=Orange, minimum width=1.5cm, minimum height=0.8cm] (B_top) at (2.2,2.1) {Data: {x}};
\node[above] at (B_top.east) {};
\draw[-stealth] (B_top) -- (B);

% State q2
\node[state, fill=NavyBlue, minimum width=1.cm, minimum height=.5cm, left=-2.2 cm] (C) at (-32:2) { 
    ~\Qcircuit @C=.4em @R=.3em{
      \gate{R_y}&\gate{R_z} &\qw & 
     \gate{R_y}&\gate{R_z}
    \protect\gategroup{1}{1}{1}{2}{0.25em}{--}
    \protect\gategroup{1}{4}{1}{5}{0.25em}{--}
    }};
\node[above=0.4cm, right=-0.0 cm] at (C.north west) {Quantum circuit};
% State q3
\node[meter, state, fill=NavyBlue, minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.2cm] (D) at (-147:2) {M};
% \node[meter, state, fill=NavyBlue, minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (meter) at (-138:2) {M};
\node[above=0.01cm] at (D.north west) {State measurement};

% State q4
\node[state, minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (E) at (162:2) {$f(|\langle y | \phi \rangle |^2 )$};
\node[above=-0.5] at (E.north) {post-processing};
% Transition q0 to q1
\draw[-stealth] (A) to[bend left=30] node[above]{Parameter} (B);

% Transition q1 to q2
\draw[-stealth] (B) to[bend left=15] node[right]{$e_1$} (C);

% Transition q2 to q3
\draw[-stealth] (C) to[bend left=15] node[right]{$e_2$} (D);

% Transition q3 to q4
\draw[-stealth] (D) to[bend left=15] node[below=-0.4 cm, right=0.1 cm]{Quantum state$ |\phi\rangle$} (E);

% Transition q4 to q0
\draw[-stealth] (E) to[bend left=30] node[left]{Classical} (A);
\end{tikzpicture}
%
\end{document}

聚苯乙烯: 看我的修改這裡，還有一些小問題，在那裡描述。

答案1

回覆您的額外的問題。

分析

我首先做的是畫一個圓圈作為參考，看看有很大的偏差：

        % ~~~ a circle for reference              ~~~
       \draw (0,0) circle[radius=\rd];

to[bend left]很快，我放棄了第一個想法，用單獨的語句替換每個to[bend in=, out=]語句，其中每個輸入和輸出角度都可以手動調整。但這還有很多工作要做。

所以我想出了這個主意

  • 將圓放在所有其他路徑後面（即繪製為第一個路徑）
  • 用箭頭裝飾它，請參閱第 1 章。50.6.1 箭頭標記在 pgf 手冊中

解決方案，從上到下

載入庫\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}。

定義裝飾標記。這裡的特別之處在於，圓是用數學方法繪製的，也就是逆時針方向。這就是為什麼箭頭被裝飾為反向箭頭。您可以像調整節點一樣調整它們的樣式。我把它們塗成紅色以使它們更明顯。這些位置是反覆試驗的結果，並且或多或少將它們置於「中間」可能還不錯。

        decoration={% will put arrows along the path (here: a counter clockwise circle)
            markings,
            mark=at position 0   with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},% (0:\rd) or east, so to say
            mark=at position .15 with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},
            mark=at position .35 with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},
            mark=at position .5  with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},% west
            mark=at position .75 with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},% south
        },

那麼，讓我們裝飾一下圓圈：

        % ~~~ a circle for reference, alter with decoration ~~~
%        \draw (0,0) circle[radius=\rd];
        \draw[postaction={decorate}] (0,0) circle[radius=\rd];

讓我們刪除所有不再需要的連線：

        % Connections
%        \draw[->] (OP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QP.70);
%        \draw[->] (QP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QC.65);
%        \draw[->] (QC) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QM);
    %    \draw[->] (QM) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8, black] {Quantum state:\\$|\phi\rangle$} (PP);
%        \draw[->] (PP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (OP);

保留現在遺失的標籤。放置它的方法有很多種，就像放置任何節點一樣。

        % ~~~ moved label ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        \node[arrlbl,anchor=north west]  at (PP.300) {Quantum state:\\$|\phi\rangle$};

現在，做出調整。順便說一句，您可以覆蓋state量子電路的 樣式，使其更大一點，例如：

 \node[state,minimum height=12mm] (QC) at ( -30:\rd) {
...

結果

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\documentclass{article} % ok to use
\documentclass[10pt,border=3mm,tikz]{standalone} % I find this more useful for development
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
% \usetikzlibrary{quantikz}
\usepackage{qcircuit}
\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
\newcommand\rd[0]{32mm} % radius for the circle placement
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}           % <<< new

\begin{document}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Define the measurement symbol style
\tikzset{
    meter/.style={
        draw,
        inner sep=10pt,
        rectangle,
        font=\vphantom{A},
        minimum width=30pt,
        minimum height=10pt,
        line width=.5pt,
        path picture={
            \draw[black] ([shift={(2pt,7pt)}]path picture bounding box.south west) to[bend left=50] ([shift={(-2pt,7pt)}]path picture bounding box.south east);
            \node[anchor=center] at (path picture bounding box.center) {$M$};
            \draw[black,-latex] ([shift={(0pt,3pt)}]path picture bounding box.south) -- ([shift={(10pt,-5pt)}]path picture bounding box.north);
        }
    }
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tikzpicture}[
        geom/.style={
            rounded corners,
            minimum width=25mm,
            minimum height=9mm,
        },
        state/.style={fill=blue!40!teal!40,geom},
        other/.style={fill=orange!40,geom},
        txt/.style={align=center,font={\small\sffamily}},
        arrlbl/.style={blue,align=center}, % < < < replace blue by black if you prefer
        % ~~~ new ~~~~~~~~~
        decoration={% will put arrows along the path (here: a counter clockwise circle)
            markings,
            mark=at position 0   with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},% (0:\rd) or east, so to say
            mark=at position .15 with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},
            mark=at position .35 with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},
            mark=at position .5  with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},% west
            mark=at position .75 with {\arrowreversed[red]{Stealth}},% south
        },
    ]
        % ~~~ a circle for reference, later with decoration ~~~
%        \draw (0,0) circle[radius=\rd];
        \draw[postaction={decorate}] (0,0) circle[radius=\rd];
        
        % Blocks
        \node[other] (OP) at (  90:\rd) {\large Optimizer};
        \node[state] (QP) at (  20:\rd) {$R(\{\vec{\Theta}\},\{\vec{X}\})$};
        \node[state] (QC) at ( -30:\rd) {
            \resizebox{.45\linewidth}{!}{
            \hspace{-.58cm}~\Qcircuit @C=.8em @R=.5em{
                \push{\cdots} &\gate{R_y} & \gate{R_z} & \gate{R_y} & \gate{R_z}&\cdots\\
                % & & & & \\ 
                % & & & & & \\
                \protect\gategroup{1}{2}{1}{3}{0.3em}{--}
                \protect\gategroup{1}{4}{1}{5}{0.3em}{--}
            }
            }
    };
        \node[meter, state] (QM) at ( 210:\rd)  {M};
        \node[other] (PP) at ( 160:\rd) {$f(|\langle y | \phi \rangle |^2 )$ };
    % ~~~ (1) relative placement of other blocks
%   \node[state] (QX) at ([xshift=\rd]QP) {QX}; % before step (5)
    \node[rounded corners, fill=blue!40!teal!40] (QX) at ([shift=(0:2)]QP)       {$|0\rangle$};
    \node[rounded corners, fill=orange!40] (DT) at ([shift=(75:2)]QP)     {\large Data: $\{\vec{X\}}$};
        % Connections
%        \draw[->] (OP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QP.70);
%        \draw[->] (QP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QC.65);
%        \draw[->] (QC) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QM);
    %    \draw[->] (QM) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8, black] {Quantum state:\\$|\phi\rangle$} (PP);
%        \draw[->] (PP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (OP);
        \draw[->] (DT) -- (QP.35);
        \draw[->] (QX) -- (QP);

        % ~~~ moved label ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        \node[arrlbl,anchor=north west]  at (PP.300) {Quantum state:\\$|\phi\rangle$};

        % Extra labels
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(-100:-0.8)]QM) {\large Quantum state measurement};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(90:0.7)]PP) {\large Classical post-processing};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=( -85:1.0)]QX) {\large Quantum\\pre-processing};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(-100:1.7)]QP) {\large Quantum circuit};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(30:-1.2)]QC) {Layer i};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(150:-1.2)]QC) {Layer i+1};
        \node[txt,font = {\large}, red] at ([shift=(128:1.3)]QP) {Parameters:\\$\{\vec\Theta\}$};
        
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

答案2

這是您的起點。還沒完成，因為：

  • 我無法從您的程式碼中檢索所有內容
  • 它試圖向您展示逐步迭代細化
  • 所以它會停在對你來說可能是一個新起點的地方。

結果

讓我們來看一些細節：

  • 我將流程作為評論列出
  • (1) 將無樣式節點放置在圓上，您可以在其中更改其半徑\newcommand\rd[0]{35mm}
  • (2)、直線連接，現顯示初始線路與第一個bend介紹；不要過早彎曲，首先關注更相關的部分
  • 對於連接標籤，我展示了樣式、錨點，對於演示，我展示了位置
  • 初步樣式（3）目前已經足夠好，並且會進一步完善以創建所有這些
  • 他們的範例是只在一處進行更改；例如，參見風格的作用geom

未完成，所以儀表（找不到程式碼）和「量子電路」內部的內容都已取消。在這些地方，您可以調用tikzinside tikz，但強烈建議不要這樣做。

作為替代方案，我建議使用standalone類別單獨創建這些繪圖，就像這裡所做的那樣，並且\includegraphics透過 package （即那些 .pdf）graphicx。參見例如這裡（PI控制器）對於這種方法。

現在您開始進入混合階段，您兩位：

  • 介紹更多內容
  • 想要或必須調整位置、風格等。

但我希望現在應該更可行。

% ~~~ Procedure of stepwise iterative refinement ~~~~~~~~~
% (1)   place nodes with dummy content, to check general placement
% (2)   draw straight connections; bends can be done later
% (3)   introduce preliminary styles for the blocks
% (4)   introducing extra labels for block descriptions; 
%       add+adjust styles as minimalistic as possible+needed
% (5)   start refining nodes text contents
% (6)   let's have nicer arrow tips
% (7)   first labels at connections


\documentclass[10pt,border=3mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}

\newcommand\rd[0]{35mm} % radius for the circle placement

\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[% (3)
    geom/.style={
                    rounded corners,
                    minimum width=25mm,
                    minimum height=8mm,
                },
    state/.style={fill=blue!40!teal!40,geom},
    other/.style={fill=orange!40,geom},
    txt/.style={align=center,font={\small\sffamily}},
    >={Stealth},    % (6)
    arrlbl/.style={blue,align=center},
 ]
 
    % ~~~ (1) placing your "blocks" on circle ~~~~~~~~~~ 
    %\node (OP) at (  90:\rd) {Optimizer};  % for reference: from step (1)
    \node[other] (OP) at (  90:\rd) {Optimizer};
%   \node[state] (QP) at (  20:\rd) {PreProc};
    \node[state] (QP) at (  20:\rd) {$R(\{\vec{\Theta}\},\{\vec{X}\})$};
    \node[state] (QC) at ( -30:\rd) {Quantum Circuit};
    \node[state] (QM) at ( 210:\rd) {Quantum Meas};
%   \node[other] (PP) at ( 160:\rd) {PostProc};
    \node[other] (PP) at ( 160:\rd) {$f(|\langle y | \phi \rangle |^2 )$ };
    
    % ~~~ (1) relative placement of other blocks
%   \node[state] (QX) at ([xshift=\rd]QP) {QX}; % before step (5)
    \node[state] (QX) at ([xshift=\rd]QP)       {$|0\rangle$};
    \node[other] (DT) at ([shift=(60:4)]QP)     {Data: $\{\vec{X\}}$};
    
    % ~~~ (2) draw connections ~~~~~~~~~~
    \draw[->] (OP) -- (QP);
    \draw[->] (QP) -- (QC);
    \draw[->] (QC) -- (QM);
    \draw[->] (QM) to[bend left]
                        node[arrlbl,anchor=east,pos=.3]
                            {Quantum\\state:$|\phi\rangle$}
                        (PP);
    \draw[->] (PP) -- (OP);
    

    \draw[->] (DT) -- (QP.30);  % polar: x deg at node QP's shape
    \draw[->] (QX) -- (QP);
    
    % ~~~ (4) (first) extra labels for block desciptions ~~~~
    \node[txt] at ([shift=(130:1.5)]PP) {Classical\\post-processing};
    \node[txt] at ([shift=( 60:1.0)]QX) {Quantum\\pre-processing};
    \node[txt] at ([shift=(-40:1.5)]QP) {Pre-\\processor};
    
 \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

作為參考，請參閱我嘗試使用您的程式碼並重構它以提高可讀性。在這一點上，我很明顯，應該用不同的方法從頭開始重做。你或許可以進一步美化它（這也可以減少問題），但是……事情太複雜了。

%\documentclass[border=0.1cm]{revtex4-2}
\documentclass[10pt,border=3mm,tikz]{standalone}
%
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
%\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usepackage{qcircuit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, arrows.meta}

% Create style for node rectangles
\tikzstyle{state}=[
    rectangle,
    minimum width=1.5cm,
    minimum height=1cm,
    draw=white,
    thick,
    text=black,
    font=\bfseries,
    align=center,
    fill=Orange!70,
    rounded corners=5pt % Adjust the radius as needed
]

\begin{document}
% \begin{tikzpicture}[>=Stealth, thick, text=black, font=\sffamily]
%%%%
\tikzset{
    meter/.append style={draw, inner sep=10, rectangle, font=\vphantom{A}, 
    minimum width=30, minimum height=10 line width=.5, 
    path picture={\draw[black] ([shift={(.1,.3)}]path picture bounding box.south west) to[bend left=50] ([shift={(-.1,.3)}]path picture bounding box.south east);\draw[black,-latex] ([shift={(0,.1)}]path picture bounding box.south) -- ([shift={(.3,-.1)}]path picture bounding box.north);}}
}
%
%
% \begin{tikzpicture}[-stealth, thick, text=black]
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    >=Stealth, thick, 
    text=black, 
    font=\sffamily,
    w2h/.style={minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.5cm},
    wh/.style={minimum width=1.cm, minimum height=0.5cm},
    fNB/.style={fill=NavyBlue},
    lbl/.style={align=center,font=\small},
]
% ~~~ placing nodes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    % State q0
    \node[state, w2h] (A)                   at (90:2) {\rm {Optimizer}};
    
    % State q1
    \node[state,fNB,w2h, left=-1 cm] (B)    at (18:2) {\rm R({$\Theta$},{$X$})};
%   \node[above]                            at (B.north) {{$\Theta$}};
    
    % Box on the side of q1
    \node[state,fNB,wh] (B_side)            at (3.8,0.6) {$|0\rangle$};

%   % \node[below=0.3cm, align=center, font=\footnotesize] at (B_side.east) {Quantum\\pre-processing};
    % Box on top of q1
    \node[state, fill=Orange, minimum width=1.5cm, minimum height=0.8cm] (B_top) at (2.2,2.1) {Data: {x}};
%   \node[above]                            at (B_top.east) {}; % ???
    
    % State q2
    \node[state,fNB,wh, left=-2.2 cm] (C)   at (-32:2) 
    { 
%       ~\Qcircuit @C=.4em @R=.3em{
%%        \gate{R_y}&\gate{R_z} &\qw & 
%%       \gate{R_y}&\gate{R_z}
%%      \protect\gategroup{1}{1}{1}{2}{0.25em}{--}
%%      \protect\gategroup{1}{4}{1}{5}{0.25em}{--}
%       }
        ???};
%   {xyz};
%   \node[above=0.4cm, right=-0.0 cm]       at (C.north west) {Quantum circuit};
    % State q3
    \node[meter, state,fNB, minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.2cm] (D) at (-147:2) {M};
    % \node[meter, state, fill=NavyBlue, minimum width=2.cm, minimum height=0.5cm] (meter) at (-138:2) {M};
%   \node[above=0.01cm]                     at (D.north west) {State measurement};
    
    % State q4
    \node[state, w2h] (E)                   at (162:2) {$f(|\langle y | \phi \rangle |^2 )$};
%   \node[above=-0.5]                       at (E.north) {post-processing};

% ~~~ extra labels ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    \node[lbl,anchor=west]      at (B_side.east) {Quantum\\pre-processing};


% ~~~ drawing connections ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
\draw[-stealth] (B_side) -- (B);
\draw[-stealth] (B_top) -- (B);

    % Transition q0 to q1
    \draw[-stealth] (A) to[bend left=30] node[red,above]{Parameter} (B);
    
    % Transition q1 to q2
    \draw[-stealth] (B) to[bend left=15] node[red,right]{$e_1$} (C);
    
    % Transition q2 to q3
    \draw[-stealth] (C) to[bend left=15] node[red,right]{$e_2$} (D);
    
    % Transition q3 to q4
    \draw[-stealth] (D) to[bend left=15] node[red,below=-0.4 cm, right=0.1 cm]{Quantum state$ |\phi\rangle$} (E);
    
    % Transition q4 to q0
    \draw[-stealth] (E) to[bend left=30] node[red,left]{Classical} (A);
\end{tikzpicture}
%
\end{document}

答案3

這是我修改的。

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
% \usetikzlibrary{quantikz}
\usepackage{qcircuit}
\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
\newcommand\rd[0]{32mm} % radius for the circle placement

\begin{document}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Define the measurement symbol style
\tikzset{
    meter/.style={
        draw,
        inner sep=10pt,
        rectangle,
        font=\vphantom{A},
        minimum width=30pt,
        minimum height=10pt,
        line width=.5pt,
        path picture={
            \draw[black] ([shift={(2pt,7pt)}]path picture bounding box.south west) to[bend left=50] ([shift={(-2pt,7pt)}]path picture bounding box.south east);
            \node[anchor=center] at (path picture bounding box.center) {$M$};
            \draw[black,-latex] ([shift={(0pt,3pt)}]path picture bounding box.south) -- ([shift={(10pt,-5pt)}]path picture bounding box.north);
        }
    }
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tikzpicture}[
        geom/.style={
            rounded corners,
            minimum width=25mm,
            minimum height=9mm,
        },
        state/.style={fill=blue!40!teal!40,geom},
        other/.style={fill=orange!40,geom},
        txt/.style={align=center,font={\small\sffamily}},
        arrlbl/.style={blue,align=center},
    ]
        % Blocks
        \node[other] (OP) at (  90:\rd) {\large Optimizer};
        \node[state] (QP) at (  20:\rd) {$R(\{\vec{\Theta}\},\{\vec{X}\})$};
        \node[state] (QC) at ( -30:\rd) {
    \resizebox{.45\linewidth}{!}{
    \hspace{-.58cm}~\Qcircuit @C=.8em @R=.5em{
    \push{\cdots} &\gate{R_y} & \gate{R_z} & \gate{R_y} & \gate{R_z}&\cdots\\
    % & & & & \\ 
    % & & & & & \\
    \protect\gategroup{1}{2}{1}{3}{0.3em}{--}
    \protect\gategroup{1}{4}{1}{5}{0.3em}{--}
    }
    }
    };
        \node[meter, state] (QM) at ( 210:\rd)  {M};
        \node[other] (PP) at ( 160:\rd) {$f(|\langle y | \phi \rangle |^2 )$ };
    % ~~~ (1) relative placement of other blocks
%   \node[state] (QX) at ([xshift=\rd]QP) {QX}; % before step (5)
    \node[rounded corners, fill=blue!40!teal!40] (QX) at ([shift=(0:2)]QP)       {$|0\rangle$};
    \node[rounded corners, fill=orange!40] (DT) at ([shift=(75:2)]QP)     {\large Data: $\{\vec{X\}}$};
        % Connections
        \draw[->] (OP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QP.70);
        \draw[->] (QP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QC.65);
        \draw[->] (QC) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (QM);
        \draw[->] (QM) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8, black] {Quantum state:\\$|\phi\rangle$} (PP);
        \draw[->] (PP) to[bend left] node[arrlbl,anchor=west,pos=.8]{} (OP);
        \draw[->] (DT) -- (QP.35);
        \draw[->] (QX) -- (QP);

        % Extra labels
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(-100:-0.8)]QM) {\large Quantum state measurement};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(90:0.7)]PP) {\large Classical post-processing};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=( -85:1.0)]QX) {\large Quantum\\pre-processing};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(-100:1.7)]QP) {\large Quantum circuit};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(30:-1.2)]QC) {Layer i};
        \node[txt] at ([shift=(150:-1.2)]QC) {Layer i+1};
        \node[txt,font = {\large}, red] at ([shift=(128:1.3)]QP) {Parameters:\\$\{\vec\Theta\}$};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

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