我正在使用 Amazon EFS（通用）和 EC2 進行一些實驗，但遇到 EFS 似乎不穩定的問題。涉及已安裝檔案系統的命令將掛起或凍結。
例如，wget（8GB 的檔案）以 10MB/s 的速度下載檔案幾秒鐘（也許 30 秒），然後凍結幾分鐘（例如 30 分鐘）。每次凍結後，它都會嘗試重新下載。
這是 wget 的輸出：
# wget http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/ubuntu-iso/artful/ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso
--2017-12-12 00:01:02-- http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/ubuntu-iso/artful/ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso
Resolving mirror.math.princeton.edu (mirror.math.princeton.edu)... 128.112.18.21
Connecting to mirror.math.princeton.edu (mirror.math.princeton.edu)|128.112.18.21|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1501102080 (1.4G) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso’
ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso 13%[=====> ] 188.08M 5.38MB/s eta 3m ubuntu-17.10-d 14% 200.57M 116KB/s in 3m 9s
2017-12-12 00:04:26 (1.06 MB/s) - Connection closed at byte 210310075. Retrying.
--2017-12-12 00:04:27-- (try: 2) http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/ubuntu-iso/artful/ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso
Connecting to mirror.math.princeton.edu (mirror.math.princeton.edu)|128.112.18.21|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content
Length: 1501102080 (1.4G), 1290792005 (1.2G) remaining [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso’
ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso 24%[+++++++++++++++++++=============> ] 348.76M 199KB/s in 2m 56s
2017-12-12 00:07:34 (864 KB/s) - Connection closed at byte 365704683. Retrying.
--2017-12-12 00:07:36-- (try: 3) http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/ubuntu-iso/artful/ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso
Connecting to mirror.math.princeton.edu (mirror.math.princeton.edu)|128.112.18.21|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content
Length: 1501102080 (1.4G), 1135397397 (1.1G) remaining [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso’
ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso 39%[+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++====================> ] 572.22M 18.0MB/s eta 57s
設定如下：
掛載命令：
sudo mount -t nfs4 -o nfsvers=4.1,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,hard,timeo=600,retrans=2 fs-xxxxxxxxx.efs.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com:/ efs
這是在裝有 Linux 4.4.0-1043-aws 的 Ubuntu 16.04 電腦上。
這些是我的內核日誌：
[ 960.336118] INFO: task wget:1430 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[ 960.339660] Not tainted 4.4.0-1043-aws #52-Ubuntu
[ 960.342578] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[ 960.346890] wget D ffff8803f9eaf9f8 0 1430 1419 0x00000000
[ 960.346895] ffff8803f9eaf9f8 0000000000000005 ffff8803fd2c1b80 ffff8803fb376040
[ 960.346898] ffff8803f9eb0000 ffff8803ff296c40 7fffffffffffffff ffffffff81813640
[ 960.346900] ffff8803f9eafb58 ffff8803f9eafa10 ffffffff81812e45 0000000000000000
[ 960.346903] Call Trace:
[ 960.346912] [<ffffffff81813640>] ? bit_wait+0x60/0x60
[ 960.346918] [<ffffffff81812e45>] schedule+0x35/0x80
[ 960.346922] [<ffffffff81815f95>] schedule_timeout+0x1b5/0x270
[ 960.346926] [<ffffffff811ebb2b>] ? __slab_free+0xcb/0x2c0
[ 960.346943] [<ffffffffc03d4ef0>] ? nfs4_update_server+0x2f0/0x2f0 [nfsv4]
[ 960.346949] [<ffffffff81023765>] ? xen_clocksource_get_cycles+0x15/0x20
[ 960.346951] [<ffffffff81813640>] ? bit_wait+0x60/0x60
[ 960.346956] [<ffffffff81812374>] io_schedule_timeout+0xa4/0x110
[ 960.346959] [<ffffffff8181365b>] bit_wait_io+0x1b/0x70
[ 960.346961] [<ffffffff818131ed>] __wait_on_bit+0x5d/0x90
[ 960.346963] [<ffffffff81813640>] ? bit_wait+0x60/0x60
[ 960.346966] [<ffffffff818132a2>] out_of_line_wait_on_bit+0x82/0xb0
[ 960.346969] [<ffffffff810c3130>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x40/0x40
[ 960.346979] [<ffffffffc0367cd7>] nfs_wait_on_request+0x37/0x40 [nfs]
[ 960.346987] [<ffffffffc036cb13>] nfs_writepage_setup+0x103/0x600 [nfs]
[ 960.346993] [<ffffffffc036d0ea>] nfs_updatepage+0xda/0x370 [nfs]
[ 960.346999] [<ffffffffc035cdbd>] nfs_write_end+0x13d/0x4b0 [nfs]
[ 960.347003] [<ffffffff8140ae0d>] ? iov_iter_copy_from_user_atomic+0x8d/0x220
[ 960.347005] [<ffffffff8118c434>] generic_perform_write+0x114/0x1c0
[ 960.347008] [<ffffffff81812796>] ? __schedule+0x3b6/0xa30
[ 960.347010] [<ffffffff81812796>] ? __schedule+0x3b6/0xa30
[ 960.347012] [<ffffffff8118e122>] __generic_file_write_iter+0x1a2/0x1e0
[ 960.347014] [<ffffffff81813048>] ? preempt_schedule_common+0x18/0x30
[ 960.347016] [<ffffffff8118e245>] generic_file_write_iter+0xe5/0x1e0
[ 960.347022] [<ffffffffc035c48a>] nfs_file_write+0x9a/0x170 [nfs]
[ 960.347024] [<ffffffff8120c00b>] new_sync_write+0x9b/0xe0
[ 960.347026] [<ffffffff8120c076>] __vfs_write+0x26/0x40
[ 960.347028] [<ffffffff8120c9f9>] vfs_write+0xa9/0x1a0
[ 960.347030] [<ffffffff8120d6b5>] SyS_write+0x55/0xc0
[ 960.347032] [<ffffffff810ee701>] ? posix_ktime_get_ts+0x11/0x20
[ 960.347034] [<ffffffff81816f72>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x16/0x71
答案1
我推測您的 EFS 檔案系統非常小。
如果是這樣，您就會過度超出允許的吞吐量，從而導致逾時。
大小 + 效能在 EFS 中緊密耦合－較大的檔案系統會分配更多的積分，從而能夠維持更多的 I/O。
使小型 EFS 部署更快的唯一方法是在檔案系統上建立大型檔案以暫時增加允許的吞吐量。稍後，當您的實際資料較大時，您可以刪除這些檔案。
在 24 小時內，EFS 檔案系統允許每 100 GiB 儲存持續 5 MiB/s，並且可以突發至 100 MiB/s（直到其儲存大小超過 1 TiB，這也會導致突發速率從100 MiB/s 基線）。
如果您偶爾需要較大的磁碟工作空間來儲存大文件，您可能會發現 st1 或 sc1 EBS 磁碟區是更好的解決方案，但這當然很大程度上取決於您的使用案例。