我已經設定了一個帶有拓撲子網路的 openVPN 伺服器。它包含一組用於路由的 10.0.XX 區域中的客戶端的子網路。在伺服器網路中，有一個客戶端（不在 VPN 中）運行 VPN 用戶需要存取的服務。
所以基本上我嘗試讓不同的用戶群組存取網路服務。 openvpn 和 webservice 都在 docker 實例中執行
非常感謝任何幫助或提示，因為我已經與這個問題鬥爭了兩週了
採取的步驟： 我使用路由和客戶端到客戶端設定 openvpn conf
server 192.168.255.0 255.255.255.0
verb 3
key /etc/openvpn/pki/private/xxxx.key
ca /etc/openvpn/pki/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/pki/issued/xxxx.crt
dh /etc/openvpn/pki/dh.pem
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/pki/ta.key
key-direction 0
keepalive 10 60
persist-key
persist-tun
proto udp
# Rely on Docker to do port mapping, internally always 1194
port 1194
dev tun
status /tmp/openvpn-status.log
topology subnet
client-config-dir ccd
user nobody
group nogroup
comp-lzo no
client-to-client
### Route Configurations Below
route 192.168.254.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.4.0 255.255.255.0
route 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0
### Push Configurations Below
#push "block-outside-dns"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4"
push "comp-lzo no"
push "route 172.17.0.0 255.255.255.0"
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
我透過在 /etc/sysctl.conf 中設定來配置轉發
我配置了iptable規則
-P INPUT ACCEPT
-P FORWARD ACCEPT
-P OUTPUT ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 192.168.255.0/24 -d 172.17.0.0/24 -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 192.168.255.0/24 -d 10.0.0.0/24 -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
但從伺服器範圍內的 IP (192.168.255.2) 無法 ping 或存取任何內容 (172.17.0.4 或 10.0.0.1)
追蹤路由在網關處結束
% traceroute 10.0.0.1
traceroute to 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 192.168.88.1 (192.168.88.1) 12.279 ms 3.251 ms 1.882 ms
2 *
這也是我客戶的日誌
2022-04-30 06:24:38.983758 *Tunnelblick: macOS 12.3.1 (21E258); Tunnelblick 3.8.5beta05 (build 5650)
2022-04-30 06:24:39.446714 *Tunnelblick: Attempting connection with greenhive_master using shadow copy; Set nameserver = 769; monitoring connection
2022-04-30 06:24:39.450786 *Tunnelblick: openvpnstart start greenhive_master.tblk 52399 769 0 1 0 34652464 -ptADGNWradsgnw 2.4.10-openssl-1.1.1j
2022-04-30 06:24:39.477788 *Tunnelblick: openvpnstart starting OpenVPN
2022-04-30 06:24:39.857743 OpenVPN 2.4.10 x86_64-apple-darwin [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [PKCS11] [MH/RECVDA] [AEAD] built on Feb 25 2021
2022-04-30 06:24:39.857947 library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1j 16 Feb 2021, LZO 2.10
2022-04-30 06:24:39.859534 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:52399
2022-04-30 06:24:39.859562 Need hold release from management interface, waiting...
2022-04-30 06:24:40.078894 *Tunnelblick: openvpnstart log:
OpenVPN started successfully.
Command used to start OpenVPN (one argument per displayed line):
/Applications/Tunnelblick.app/Contents/Resources/openvpn/openvpn-2.4.10-openssl-1.1.1j/openvpn
--daemon
--log /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Logs/-SUsers-Srobertk-SLibrary-SApplication Support-STunnelblick-SConfigurations-Sgreenhive_master.tblk-SContents-SResources-Sconfig.ovpn.769_0_1_0_34652464.52399.openvpn.log
--cd /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources
--machine-readable-output
--setenv IV_GUI_VER "net.tunnelblick.tunnelblick 5650 3.8.5beta05 (build 5650)"
--verb 3
--config /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources/config.ovpn
--setenv TUNNELBLICK_CONFIG_FOLDER /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources
--verb 3
--cd /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/Users/robertk/greenhive_master.tblk/Contents/Resources
--management 127.0.0.1 52399 /Library/Application Support/Tunnelblick/geeielmngfddkiiidnhcaaaogadlpdifnpjaepip.mip
--management-query-passwords
--management-hold
--script-security 2
--route-up /Applications/Tunnelblick.app/Contents/Resources/client.up.tunnelblick.sh -9 -d -f -m -w -ptADGNWradsgnw
--down /Applications/Tunnelblick.app/Contents/Resources/client.down.tunnelblick.sh -9 -d -f -m -w -ptADGNWradsgnw
2022-04-30 06:24:40.108790 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:52399
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136505 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'pid'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136565 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'auth-retry interact'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136595 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136615 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.136655 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'bytecount 1'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.138068 *Tunnelblick: Established communication with OpenVPN
2022-04-30 06:24:40.152091 *Tunnelblick: >INFO:OpenVPN Management Interface Version 1 -- type 'help' for more info
2022-04-30 06:24:40.154175 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.155529 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts
2022-04-30 06:24:40.161486 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
2022-04-30 06:24:40.161545 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
2022-04-30 06:24:40.161718 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292680,RESOLVE,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259123 TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259272 Socket Buffers: R=[786896->786896] S=[9216->9216]
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259296 UDP link local: (not bound)
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259311 UDP link remote: [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194
2022-04-30 06:24:40.259354 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292680,WAIT,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:40.305386 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292680,AUTH,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:40.305631 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194, sid=06c4262e 884c5cdc
2022-04-30 06:24:40.369493 VERIFY OK: depth=1, CN=greenhive
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370236 VERIFY KU OK
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370275 Validating certificate extended key usage
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370301 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370323 VERIFY EKU OK
2022-04-30 06:24:40.370346 VERIFY OK: depth=0, CN=VPN.greenhive.at
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439317 WARNING: 'link-mtu' is used inconsistently, local='link-mtu 1541', remote='link-mtu 1542'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439596 WARNING: 'comp-lzo' is present in remote config but missing in local config, remote='comp-lzo'
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439767 Control Channel: TLSv1.3, cipher TLSv1.3 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, 2048 bit RSA
2022-04-30 06:24:40.439834 [VPN.greenhive.at] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]xx.xx.xx.xx:1194
2022-04-30 06:24:41.558800 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292681,GET_CONFIG,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:41.559492 SENT CONTROL [VPN.greenhive.at]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652600 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4,comp-lzo no,route 172.17.0.0 255.255.255.0,route-gateway 192.168.255.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 60,ifconfig 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0,peer-id 1,cipher AES-256-GCM'
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652921 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652958 OPTIONS IMPORT: compression parms modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.652985 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653008 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653030 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653051 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653072 OPTIONS IMPORT: peer-id set
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653094 OPTIONS IMPORT: adjusting link_mtu to 1624
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653115 OPTIONS IMPORT: data channel crypto options modified
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653139 Data Channel: using negotiated cipher 'AES-256-GCM'
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653816 Outgoing Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-GCM' initialized with 256 bit key
2022-04-30 06:24:41.653851 Incoming Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-256-GCM' initialized with 256 bit key
2022-04-30 06:24:41.654722 Opening utun (connect(AF_SYS_CONTROL)): Resource busy (errno=16)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.654977 Opening utun (connect(AF_SYS_CONTROL)): Resource busy (errno=16)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655036 Opening utun (connect(AF_SYS_CONTROL)): Resource busy (errno=16)
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655181 Opened utun device utun3
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655203 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292681,ASSIGN_IP,,192.168.255.2,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:41.655217 /sbin/ifconfig utun3 delete
ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address
2022-04-30 06:24:41.665109 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure
2022-04-30 06:24:41.666818 /sbin/ifconfig utun3 192.168.255.2 192.168.255.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 1500 up
2022-04-30 06:24:41.672645 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.255.0 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.255.0: gateway 192.168.255.2
2022-04-30 06:24:41.679237 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292681,ADD_ROUTES,,,,,,
2022-04-30 06:24:41.679318 /sbin/route add -net 172.17.0.0 192.168.255.1 255.255.255.0
add net 172.17.0.0: gateway 192.168.255.1
06:24:41 *Tunnelblick: **********************************************
06:24:41 *Tunnelblick: Start of output from client.up.tunnelblick.sh
06:24:43 *Tunnelblick: Retrieved from OpenVPN: name server(s) [ 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 ], search domain(s) [ ] and SMB server(s) [ ] and using default domain name [ openvpn ]
06:24:44 *Tunnelblick: WARNING: Ignoring DomainName 'openvpn' because DomainName was set manually and '-allowChangesToManuallySetNetworkSettings' was not specified
06:24:44 *Tunnelblick: WARNING: Ignoring ServerAddresses '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' because ServerAddresses was set manually and '-allowChangesToManuallySetNetworkSettings' was not specified
06:24:44 *Tunnelblick: Setting search domains to '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' because the search domains were not set manually (or are allowed to be changed) and 'Prepend domain name to search domains' was not selected
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Saved the DNS and SMB configurations so they can be restored
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change DNS ServerAddresses setting of '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' (but re-set it)
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Changed DNS SearchDomains setting from 'openvpn' to '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Changed DNS DomainName setting from '' to '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4'
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change SMB NetBIOSName setting of ''
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change SMB Workgroup setting of ''
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Did not change SMB WINSAddresses setting of ''
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: DNS servers '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' were set manually
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: DNS servers '8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4' will be used for DNS queries when the VPN is active
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: The DNS servers include only free public DNS servers known to Tunnelblick.
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Flushed the DNS cache via dscacheutil
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: /usr/sbin/discoveryutil not present. Not flushing the DNS cache via discoveryutil
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Notified mDNSResponder that the DNS cache was flushed
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Not notifying mDNSResponderHelper that the DNS cache was flushed because it is not running
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: Setting up to monitor system configuration with process-network-changes
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: End of output from client.up.tunnelblick.sh
06:24:45 *Tunnelblick: **********************************************
2022-04-30 06:24:45.352811 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this
2022-04-30 06:24:45.352830 Initialization Sequence Completed
2022-04-30 06:24:45.352845 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1651292685,CONNECTED,SUCCESS,192.168.255.2,xx.xx.xx.xx,1194,,
2022-04-30 06:24:46.571157 *Tunnelblick: Routing info stdout:
route to: 8.8.4.4
destination: 8.8.4.4
gateway: 192.168.88.1
interface: en0
flags: <UP,GATEWAY,HOST,DONE,WASCLONED,IFSCOPE,IFREF,GLOBAL>
recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire
0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 0
stderr:
2022-04-30 06:24:46.593014 *Tunnelblick: Warning: DNS server Address 8.8.4.4 is a known public DNS server but is not being routed through the VPN
2022-04-30 06:24:46.680197 *Tunnelblick: Routing info stdout:
route to: 8.8.8.8
destination: 8.8.8.8
gateway: 192.168.88.1
interface: en0
flags: <UP,GATEWAY,HOST,DONE,WASCLONED,IFSCOPE,IFREF,GLOBAL>
recvpipe sendpipe ssthresh rtt,msec rttvar hopcount mtu expire
0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 0
stderr:
2022-04-30 06:24:46.705581 *Tunnelblick: Warning: DNS server Address 8.8.8.8 is a known public DNS server but is not being routed through the VPN
編輯：這裡是伺服器的ip路由
bash-5.0# ip route
default via 172.17.0.1 dev eth0
10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0
10.0.1.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0
10.0.3.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0
172.17.0.0/16 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src
172.17.0.2 192.168.254.0/24 via 192.168.255.2 dev tun0 192.168.255.0/24 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.255.1
客戶的
172.17/24 192.168.255.2 UGSc utun3
狀態日誌
bash-5.0# cat /tmp/openvpn-status.log
OpenVPN CLIENT LIST
Updated,Sun May 1 08:20:48 2022
Common Name,Real Address,Bytes Received,Bytes Sent,Connected Since
at_dev_1,179.115.236.15:34846,23335,23021,Sun May 1 07:14:26 2022
master,179.115.236.15:64773,9574,9889,Sun May 1 07:55:44 2022
ROUTING TABLE
Virtual Address,Common Name,Real Address,Last Ref
192.168.255.2,master,179.115.236.15:64773,Sun May 1 07:55:44 2022
10.0.0.1,at_dev_1,179.115.236.15:34846,Sun May 1 07:14:26 2022
GLOBAL STATS
Max bcast/mcast queue length,1
END
在這裡編輯一張圖片來顯示狀況 圖解說明
答案1
所以我們看到 OpenVPN 內沒有任何內部路由。這可能是因為您iroute在配置中沒有使用任何語句。這就是為什麼只有伺服器和客戶端的 VPN 位址可以互相存取。
從網路 (OSI L3) 角度來看，OpenVPN「拓樸子網路」VPN 的一般結構如下所示：
192.168.255.10[tun] (client2) [eth] 10.0.2.1 --- ...
|
[client2].9 [eth] 10.0.1.1 --- ...
(server) [tun]192.168.255.1 --- .2[server] (OpenVPN process) [client1].5 --- 192.168.255.6[tun] (client1)
[eth] 10.0.0.1 --- ... .13[client3]
|
... --- 10.0.3.1 [eth] (client3) [tun]192.168.255.14
在這個具有三個客戶端的範例中，OpenVPN 進程看起來像是具有四個介面的路由器（其中一個面向伺服器）。這個路由器也需要路由設定！這就是iroute關鍵字的作用。
因此，為了讓客戶端到達10.0.0.0/24伺服器後面的網絡，它們需要透過各自面向 OpenVPN 用戶端的「位址」到達該網路的路由（例如， client1 需要ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.255.5）。您使用「推送路線」推送這些路線。為了到達其他客戶端後面的網絡，您可以使用類似的路線；在我的範例中，這些網路是連續的，並且所有這些網路都可以壓縮為單一push "route 10.0.0.0 255.255.252.0".
此外，OpenVPN「路由器」需要透過「客戶端」位址到這些網路的適當路由。例如，10.0.1.0/24 網路應透過 192.168.255.6 路由。為此，伺服器需要iroute 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0代表client1.為了實現這一點，你把
iroute 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0
到client1用戶端設定目錄（CCD）中的檔案中，因此它會在具有通用名稱的用戶端client1成功驗證後立即執行。
伺服器後面的網路不需要iroute。它似乎使用伺服器“接口”作為最後手段的網關。